`'aa @@@ @@@@hl;SB\a EN DB a     oB;^ Ferrier-Pags2001VY Leis1998vD Randall1985k20000rydroclimate-; Bioclimatology-; ISEW,-China,-People'-s-Rep.,-Nansha-Is.acific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamoto-Is.,-Fangataufa-AtollE,-Pacific,-Johnston-Atollhall-I.,-Eniwetokers of 3, 1 and 0.2-mu-m pore size and Whatman GF/F (glass fibre filter able to retain 0.4-0.7-mu-m particles to estimate the contribution of the different phytoplankton class size to biomass and primary production. Synechococcus abundance 135 x 10(6) cells l-1, 82% of which had a size of less than < 1-mu-m and accounts for 0.2-mu-g chl-a (67% of total chl-a) and 16.8-mu-g C. Daily primary production was 0.5 g Cm-2 d-1 (60.3% of total primary production) and their P/B ratio was very high: 11-mu-g Ch-1 10(9) cells-1 and 13 to 21-mu-g Ch-1 mu-g chl-a-1.1NG(03) L Charpy/Orstom/BP 529/Papeete, Fr Polynesia (42) French ArticleAral, Biology &{, 1998 #1; , 1998 #2; Adamek, 1985 #7207; Adjerod, 2001 #9162; Adjeroud, 1997 #12; Adjeroud, 2000 #8717; Agusti, 1999 #2624; Ah $ Rayner1984 Reddy1972 Renon1978 Renon1978 Renon1979$ Renon1985 Renon1993D RicardY Ricard19755Z Ricard19755[ Ricard19766  Ricard1978! Ricard1981" Ricard1985$ Ricard19855= Ricard1985$ Richard1985 Richard1987%Richer-De-Forges1996 Riegl1997@ Risk19919 Rivaton1997 Roark2001& Robertson1996  Robertson1997 Robertson1999 Robin1995 Robison1997? Roche1984' Rodgers1998 Rodier19979( Rodrigues1997 Romano1998l Romans1998BRougeaux20011)Rougeaux2001Rougerie19788*Rougerie1979+Rougerie1989,Rougerie1991-Rougerie1992.Rougerie1993/Rougerie19930Rougerie1994Rougerie1995Rougerie19951Rougerie19952Rougerie19963Rougerie19974 Rowden19935 Roy19716 Roy19907 Roy1991 Ruth19998Saavedra1996e Sabine20022 Sager19939 Sakka1999: Sakka2000X Sakka2001 Sakka2001; Saliot1994 Salkar19979< Saller1989D Salvat= Salvat1985 Salvat19877t Salvat1994 Salvat19979 Salvat2000> Sam1998? Samaden1984@Sammarco1991A Sanchez1997Sanchez-Cabeza1997B Sancho1997C Sancho1998 Sanderson1996 Sanford2000~ Sanford2000Sankaranarayanan1970Sankaranarayanan1970? Sarazin1996@ Sarazin1999D Sargent1949 Sarmiento2001N Sarver1996!Sathyendranath1993"Sathyendranath1998 Scatolini1997 Scatolini1998{Schlittenhardt1998E Schmidt1997q Schmitz1996r Schmitz1999F Schultz1994F Schultz1994G Scoffin1993H Seto1996I Seto1996J Seto1997Seto1999 DeceK Shashar1994L Sheberstov1995M Shen1993 Shirodkar1997L Shushkina1995M Sidik1999 Simeon1978N Sims1996 Slater2001nv Slawyk19855 Sluka1999O Sluka1999P Small1998 Smart2000~ Smart2000 Smedley1999QSmith5 Smith1971R Smith1973S Smith1974T Smith1975U Smith1975V Smith1984S Smith1998 Smith1998Smith1999 DecSmithers19999 Socki1987 Sornein1996 Sornein1996W SorokinX Sorokin1974z Sottile1975D SourniaY Sournia1975Z Sournia1975[ Sournia1976\ Sournia1976] Sournia1977 Sournia1978W Sournia1992^ Spennemann1997P Spoon1998spouvrea@ifremer2000spouvrea@ifremer2000spouvrea@ifremer2000spouvrea@ifremer2000_Sprachta2001Sreepada1998N Strathmann1973 Stuff1999Suchanek1991 Summer19969 Summer1997 Sun1992e Sutherland2002 Suzuki19979 Suzuki19999c Swartz1958e Sweeney2002d Swimmer1998f Tabee1994e Takahashi2002m Talbot20000 Tan1996f Taniera1994I Tanino19969g Tartinville1997 Tartinville2001 Taylor19999 Taylor19999f Tebano19944Teissier2000l Tentori2000 Texier1999th Thomas1997s Thomassin1996 Tiapari2000 Tiapari2000%Tiaparri1995eTilbrook20020 Tinker19999 Titlyanov1991 Titus1997 Titus1998L Tomasky1997i Tomczak1998jTorreton1996kTorreton1996Torreton1998lTorreton1999 AprmTorreton2000n Tranter1972o Trewren; Trichet19943 Trichet1997p Trichet1997B Trichet2001 Trnski1998 Turner2000r Underwood1992s Vacelet1996 van Woesik1999 Van-Den-Berg19989q Van-der-Helm1996u Vanneau1993D Vasseur Verbrugge1997| Veron1995 Veron1996 Vicente1998L Vinogradov1995 Vintro19979r Voss19921v Wafar1985w Walker1997 Walsh1981e Wanninkhof2002I Warham1996 Warwick1999 Warwick1999xWassy Wass1981 Watson19929+ Wauthy19898/ Wauthy19939z Webb1975{ Weber1998 Wei1998 Weidman1997| Wellington1995 Wellington1996} Wheeler1991 Wheeler1996Whitaker2000~Whitaker2000\ Whitton1978{ Wicks1998 Wiebe1974z Wiebe1975Williams1997Williams19999~ Wilson2000Winterer1993Winterer1998Wolanski1994 Wong19869 Wong19979Woodhead1999 Woodroffe1998 Woodroffe1999 Work1997 Work1998 Work1999 Xue1999 Yanagi19999 Ye1982 Yip1990 Yuan1982 Zanini2000A Zea1997 Zea1998 Zhang1996 Zhao1997 Zipser19977Zipser199777 Zipser19977 Zipser199777 Zipser19977 Zipser199771997 Zipser199771997 Zipser19977997799779977997799779977 Zipser19977 Zipser19977 Zipser19977 Zipser19977 Zipser19977 Zipser1997799777 Zipser19977997 Zipser19977997 Zipser19977 Zipser19977 Zipser19977 Zipser19977 Zipser19977 Zipser19977 Zipser19977 Zipser19977997 Zipser199777 Zipser19977 Zipser19977 Schmitz1996r Schmitz1999F Schultz1994F Schultz1994G Scoffin1993H Seto1996I Seto1996J Seto1997̆Seto1999 DeceK Shashar1994 Shaw2002L Sheberstov1995M Shen1993 Shirodkar1997L Shushkina1995M Sidik1999  Simeon1978N Sims1996̬ Sivonen2000 Skrabanek1985 Slater2001n Sluka1999O Sluka1999P Small1998 Smart2000 Smedley1999QSmith5 Smith1971R Smith1973S Smith1998Smith1999 Dec Socki1987 Sornein1996 Sornein1996D Sournia  Sournia1978W Sournia1992P Spoon1998spouvrea@ifremer2000spouvrea@ifremer2000spouvrea@ifremer2000spouvrea@ifremer2000̞Sreepada1998Srinivas19999 Stal19919N Strathmann1973̌Suchanek1991 Sukop1985 Summer19969 Summer1997 Sun1992 Suzuki19979 Suzuki19999 Swamy1999 Tang2002I Tanino19969 Tarczynska2000 Tartinville2001 Taylor19999 Taylor19999Teissier2000l Tentori2000 Texier1999t Tiapari2000 Tiapari2000%Tiaparri1995 Tinker19999 Titlyanov1991 Titus1997 Titus1998L Tomasky1997Torreton1998; Trichet19943 Trichet1997B Trichet2001 Trnski1998 Turner2000 van Woesik1999̸ Van-Den-Berg19989q Van-der-Helm1996D Vasseur Verbrugge1997 Veron1996 Vicente1998L Vinogradov1995 Vintro19979 Viswanatha1999̷ Walsh1981I Warham1996 Warwick1999Warwick1999 Dec Watson19929+ Wauthy19898/ Wauthy19939 Wei1998 Weidman1997 Wellington1996 Wheeler1996Whitaker2000\ Whitton1978  Wiebe1974Williams1997Winterer1993 Wong19869 Wong19979Woodhead1999̻ Yanagi19999A Zea1997 Zipser19977X  !"%$&#)'-/0+.234167=?@9<DEGJABCKFHPIMST[OYZ^`b\]gafhckndejlsmopquwx79# 27 ;tAiksnno ,9129# 39 ;tAiksnno ,9159# 49 ;uAam,n1 99 79#;6B kare ,9179# 11;9B raarac ,9169# 51;3B raarac ,9179# 51;4B salialsi ,9179# 51;7B uaid,n1 99 31#16 ;eBrhneefdl ,9179# 8235 ;eBnrta ,9119# 91;3B riekaldn ,9179# 12;4B alcnoh,t1 89 99#23;1B alcnoh,t1 99 62#92 ;oBheeltr ,9129# 32;6B uorruoli-heLJ-na ,9189# 52;8B orkc ,9139 Authors r_Journals:Keywords i                                (7PKAbstracts Of Papers Presented At The 30th International Geological Congress AbyssesDAAbysses Musee Oceanographique Monaco Monaco Musee Oceanographique Ambio AmbioAnn.Inst.ocanogr., Paris(%Annales de L Institut Oceanographique Aquaculture Aquat.-Mamm.Aquat.-Microb.-Ecol.Aquatic BotanyAquatic Living ResourcesAquatic Microbial EcologyAquatic-Microbial-Ecology($Arch.-Hydrobiol.-Suppl.-Algol.-Stud.Atoll Res. Bull.Atoll Research Bulletin,(Atoll Research Bulletin [Atoll Res Bull]Atoll-Res.-Bull.84Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research Avian-Dis.Bangkok Thailand FaoBiol.-Mar.-Mediterr.,)Biological Journal of the Linnean Society@=Biological-Bulletin,-Marine-Biological-Laboratory,-Woods-HoleBiomineralizationBiomineralization ' Bot.-Mar.Bull.-Am.-Meteorol.-Soc.Bull.-Mar.-Sci.4/Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique (Monaco) Bulletin of Marine Science Bulletin-of-Marine-Science@;C.-R.-Acad.-Sci.-Ser.-2-Mec.-Phys.-Chim.-Sci.-Terre-UniversD>C.-R.-Acad.-Sci.-Ser.-2a-Sci.-Terre-Planet.-Earth-Planet.-Sci.0*C.-R.-Acad.-Sci.-Ser.-3-Sci.-Vie-Life-Sci.C.R.Acad.Sc.ParisC.R.Acad.Sci. Paris$!Cah. O.R.S.T.O.M., sr. Ocanogr. Cah. ORSTOM, ser. Oceanogr. Cahier de l'Indo-Pacifique$ Canadian Journal of Microbiology@;CARICOMP: CARIBBEAN CORAL REEF, SEAGRASS AND MANGROVE SITESCcop Sopac Tech. Rep. ChemospherezClimate Change Vulnerability And Adaptation In Asia And The Pacific. Proceedings Of A Workshop Held In Manila, PhilippinesColonial-WaterbirdsLHComptes Rendus de L Academie Des Sciences Serie III - Sciences de La VieComptes Rendus De L Academie Des Sciences Serie Iii-Sciences De La Vie-Life Sciences Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Ser. III-Sci. Vie-Life Sci.LFComptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie III Sciences de la Vie Condor Continental Shelf Research Coral Reefs Coral-Reefs<8Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology$Current Biology Current Biology  t h0*1-D vertically resolved water column model196EE2-BETA-METHYLHOPANOIDS220WNA,-Mid-Atlantic-Ridge ABSORPTIONAbudefduf-sordidus abundance abundance-Acanthaster-planci83ACANTHASTER-PLANCI/ LINE TRANSECT/ MANTA/ ABUNDANCE Acanthuridae-Acanthurus-nigrofuscusAcanthurus-triostegus Accidents- accretion accretion- accuracy-acetylene reductionacetylene-reduction acids- Acropora-Acropora-cervicornisAcropora-formosaAcropora-hemprichiAcropora-palmataActivity-patterns Adriatic SeaAdudefduf-sordidus Advection-aerobic-bacteria aeruginosa-Age- Age-groups aggregates-Aggressive-behaviour Air-pollutionAir-water-exchanges Aldabra-Atoll,-Inland-Waters algae- algal mats algal-matsAlgal-settlementsalkali-basalts alkaloids- Alpheidae- ammoniumAnabaena-flos-aquaeanaerobic-bacteria anatomy- ANE,-FranceANE,-North-Sea ANE,-Portugal,-Desertas-Is.Animal-diseasesanimal-fossilsanimal-morphologyAnimal-physiology animals- Anthozoa-anthropogenic-factors ANTIQUITYantitumor-agents40ANW,-USA,-Massachusetts,-Great-Sippewisset-Marsh apatite- Apogonidae-aquaculture-developmentaquaculture-economicsaquaculture-systemsAquaculture-techniques aquatic-birds aquatic-drugsaquatic-ecosystemsaquatic-plantsAquatic-reptilesAquatic-sciences ARABIAN SEA aragonite ARCHIPELAGO ASW,-Belize$ ASW,-Belize,-Belize-Barrier-Reef ASW,-Belize,-Turneffe-AtollASW,-Caribbean ASW,-Caribbean-Sea,-Bahamas ASW,-Colombia ASW,-Colombia,-San-Andres-I.0-ASW,-Nicaragua,-Cayos-Miskitos-Marine-Reserve<8ASW,-USA,-Florida,-Dry-Tortugas,-Dry-Tortugas-Natl.-ParkATLANTIC OCEANATMOSPHERIC CO2Atmospheric-electricityAtmospheric-gasesATOLL Atoll lagoonATOLL LAGOON/ MATTER/ SEA atoll lagoonsLFAtoll tuamotu archipelago. Wind-induced resuspension. Shallow tropicalAtoll, Takapoto atoll- atoll-lagoon Atoll-lagoons,'atoll/ calcification/ Pacific/ Eniwetok$atoll/ Canton/ Pacific/ budget,(atoll/ Canton/ Pacific/ budget/ nutrient,'atoll/ Caribbean / Jamaica/ Puerto Rico  !!!!!!""%%$$$$$$&&&&#######))))'''--///000++++....2223344444111166667777777====???@@@@9999<<<<<<<DEEEGGGJAABBBBCCCCCCCKKKKFFFHHHPPPIIIIMMMSSSSTTT 5( sGenetic-isolation Genomes-Geographical-distribution Geography-Geological-structures Geology-geomorphology- Geothermal0-Germany,-Niedersachsen,-Harz-Mts.,-Iberg-Reef,&Giant clams/ Refuge/ Samoa/ Stock size Gorgonacea-Gorgonia-ventalina0*Grain size/ skeletal/ sediment/ Uvea atoll granulometry- Grazing-GREAT BARRIER REEFGREAT BARRIER-REEF/ CORAL-REEF/ SARGASSO SEA/ LIZARD ISLAND/ RECRUITMENT/ PATTERNS/ MASS/ ICHTHYOPLANKTON/ MESOZOOPLANKTON/ LEPTOCEPHALILGGREAT BARRIER-REEF/ CORAL-REEF/ SEA-WATER/ ATOLL/ DOLOMITIZATION/ SHELFGREAT-BARRIER-REEFhdGREAT-BARRIER-REEF/ HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION/ LIZARD ISLAND/ AUSTRALIA/ PATTERNS/ POPULATIONS/ PISCESGreat-barrier-reef/ Kavaratti atoll lakshadweep/ Sea-surface temperature/ Growth-rates/ Montastrea-annularis/ Scleractinian corals/ Red-sea/ Southern-oscillation/ Acropora-formosa/ Biological carbonatesGREAT-BARRIER-REEF/ SEA-LEVEL/ FRENCH POLYNESIA/ FUNAFUTI ATOLL/ FRINGING-REEF/ CYCLONE/ AUSTRALIA/ IMPACT/ SEDIMENTS/ BARBADOSGreenhouse-effectGreenland,-Thulegroundwater-levelgroundwater-movementgroundwater-pollutiongroundwater-recharge GROWTH growth- growth-rate GROWTH-RATES Guyots- Habitat-Habitat-improvementHabitat-selectionHabitat-utilization hatcheries- Heavy-metals hepatotoxin-microcystin-lr Herbivores-HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIAHeterotrophic-organisms Hexagonalia-HIGH PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH,&high-performance-liquid-chromatographyHippa-adactylaHistopathology-Historical-account Holocene-Holothuria-fuscogilva HOPANE SERIES Hot-spotshot-spring-mat Human-factors hurricanes Hurricanes- Hydroclimate-hydrodynamics-Hydrogeology/ Barrier island/ Modelling/ Fresh-water lens/ Cone penetrometer/ Cone penetration tests/ Yucatan peninsula/ Slug test/ Hydrogeology/ Bermuda/ Chemistry/ Bahamas/ AtollHYDROGRAPHIC DATA Hydrography-hydrologic-maps Hydrology-hydrothermal-activityHydrothermal-alterationHypnea-valentiaeI,-Indo-PacificI,-Johnston-Atollidentificationidentification-keysIE,-East-PacificIN,-North-Pacific India-Indian-Ocean,-Cocos-I.0+Indian-ocean/ Aldabra atoll/ Biology/ Birdsindicator-species indicators-INE,-USA,-HawaiiInfrared-imagery Ingestion-0*INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES/ WATERS/ DEPTH INHIBITION insecticides-International-cooperation Interspecific-relationshipsinterstitial-environmentinterstitial-waterintertidal environmentIntertidal-environmentintroduced-species inventories-INVERSE METHODS Invertebrata-invertebrate-zoologyironIRON LIMITATIONiron-ISE,-Clipperton-I.ISE,-French-Polynesia($ise,-french-polynesia,-mururoa-atoll@:ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Archipelago,-Tikehau-Lagoon41ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-I.,-Mataiva-atoll.41ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-I.,-Rangiroa-Atoll82ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-I.,-Takapoto-atoll.("ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.41ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Mururoa-Atoll41ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Tikehau-AtollISE,-Johnston-Atoll40ISE,-Mexico,-Revillagigedo-Is.,-Clipperton-AtollISE,-Midway-I.40ISE,-New-Zealand-Island-Terr.,-Cook-Is.,-Niue-I.,(ISE,-Pacific,-American-Samoa,-Rose-Atoll$ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia@:ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Gambier-Is.,-Mururoa-Atoll[[[OOOOOYYYZZZZ^^``bbb\\\\\\\\\\]]gggaaaaaaafffhhhcccccckkknnnndddddeeeejjjjjllllllllllllllllsmmmmoooopppppqqquuuuuuuuuwwwwwxxx????????????????????????  ,Abidi, S. A. H.Achuthankutty, C.T. Adamek, Z.Addessi, Loana Adey, W. H. Adjerod, M. Adjeroud, M. Agusti, S.Ahamed, M. M. O. Aharon, P. Alcober, J. Ali, A. T. Allen, G. R. Allen, J. I. AM, LeclercAnderson, R. C.Andrefouet, S.Andrefouet, SergeAndrews, J. C. Andrie, C. Andri, C. Ansari, Z. A.Antonelis, G. A. Antonius, A. Arnaud, H. Arnoux, A.Athanasiadou, M.Atkinson, M.J. Attrill, M.J.au Aulich, G. Auman, H. J. Austin, T.S. Bablet, J. P. Bacher, C. Badie, C. Baker, K. K. Baker, P. E. Bakker, D.J.Ballance, L.T.Barraca, R. T., Sr.Barsczus, H. G. Basillais, E.Bates, Nicolas Baudin, F. Baumer, A. Bebout, B.Behrenfeld, M. J.Berdowski, J.J.M.Bergesen, D. D. Bergman, Aa Berland, B. Bernat, M. Betzer, S.B.Bhattathiri, P.M.A. Birkeland, C. Bishop, J.Blackford, J. C. Blakeslee, R. Blanchot, J Blanchot, J.Blanchot, Jean Blowers, P Bodoy, A.Boehlert, G.W.Bohrman, H. W. Bonnet, S. Bothorel, V. Bougrier, S.Bouloubassi, I. Bourdelin, F.Bourrouilh-Le-Jan, F. G. Boyd, M. R. BR, Williams Bralower, T. Breeuwsma, A.Brickhouse, MD Bril, J. Broc, D. Brock, J. Brock, J. C. Brody, E.A. Brook, M. Brown, B. E. Brunk, J. A. Brunk, J. L. Buat, P. Buchardt, B.Buckland, S. J.Buddemeier, R.W. Buden, D. W. Buestel, D Buestel, D. Buigues, D.Bula-Meyer, G. Burger, J. C.L., Morgan Caeiro, S. Caisey, X. Camoin, G. Camoin, G. F.Cardellina, J. H., III Caristan, Y. Carius, R. T.Carleton, J. H. Carlson, B. Caroff, M.Carson-Ewart, B. M. Carvacho, A.Casanova, J.P. Castillo, P. Cattin, R. Caumette, P. Chan, L. Chao, S. -Y.Chariband, J. M.Charpy Roubaud, C. Charpy, L Charpy, L. Charpy, LoicCharpy-Roubaud, C.Charpy-Roubaud, C. J.Charpy-Roubaud, C.J.Charpy-Roubaud, ClaudeCharpyroubaud, C. J. Chauvet, C Chauvet, C. Chazottes, V. Che, L. M. Cheicante, RL Chen, C. -C. Chen, Q.J. Chen, Ruiqiu Chess, J.R.Chevalier, J.P. Chevillon, C. Chiappini, R. Chinnaraj, S.Chisholm, J. R. M. Christian, H.Christie, D. M.Claereboudt, M. Clark, C. D. Clarke, R. P. Clavier, J.coCoesel, P. F. M. Cohen, A. L. Cohen, Y. Colborn, T.Colborn, T. L. Cole, J.E. Coles, S.L. Colin, C. Coll, J. C. Colleagues Collins, W.H. Comps, Michel Conant, S. Connell, J. Cook, C.W. Cooper, M. Cooper, P. Cornette, Y. Cotter, J. Craig, Pcrcp@africaonline Creasy, WRCremoux, J. L.Crermoux, J.L. Croft, R. A. Crow, G.L. Cummins, K.D'-Hondt, J. L. D, Broc D, Texier Dahlgaard, H. Dai, Jin-Rui Dallot, P. Dalzell, P.Dandonneau, Y. Day, P. J. De Vries, W. Decho, A. W.Deleersnijder, E. Delesalle, B.Delesalle, Bruno Denizot, M. Deslandes, E.Desrosieres, R.Destrigneville, C. Devassy, V.P. Diaz, J. M.Diaz-Pulido, G.Dickinson, W. R. Dieu, J. L. DM, LuxtonDoherty, P. J. Donaldson, A. Doumenge, F. Dovlete, C.dpi Drew, E. A. Drew, E.A. Duarte, C.M. Dudoignon, P. Dufour, P. Dufour, V. Dunbar, RB Duncan, R. Dunne, R. P. DuPaul, W.D. Dupuy, C. Duquesne, S. Durst, HD Dyble, J. Eagle, R. J. Easley, D.H.Economakis, A. E.Edwards, A. J.El-Khangi, F. A.El-Nigumi, Y. O.Elderfield, H.%$#""  33250)Brock, J. C. Sathyendranath, S. Platt, T.  1998ARABIAN SEA; ATLANTIC OCEAN; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMA; DEEP OCEAN; NATURAL-WATERS; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYTOPLANKTON; PLANKTON; SOUTHWEST MONSOONRLBrock JC, NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, 2234 S Hobson Ave, Charleston,SC 29405 USAF@Biohydro-optical classification of the northwestern Indian Ocean& Marine Ecology - Progress Series& Marine Ecology - Progress Series 165i1  1-15  An approach to a partial solution to the general problem of defining biogeochemical provinces for the accurate estimation of global-ocean primary production and realistic structuring of epipelagic plankton ecosystem models is presented for the northwestern Indian Ocean. This is accomplished through use of a new technique, biohydro-optical classification, that applies a rudimentary submarine light budget incorporating climatologies of incident light, mixed-layer thickness, and chlorophyll to recognize fundamental modes of tropical plankton ecosystems. The 3 types of biohydro-optical classes found in the Arabian Sea, Typical Tropical, Mixed-Layer Bloom, and Transitional, are shown to evolve through the spring intermonsoon (March through May), summer southwest monsoon (June through August), and fall. Intermonsoon (September through November) under climatic forcing and in response to the resulting biological variability. Virtually all of the open Arabian Sea is within the Typical Tropical Class at the close of the spring intermonsoon. This class type is intended to identify the epipelagic plankton ecosystem mode associated with tropical regions containing a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) maintained by active algal growth, and a light-rich, oligotrophic shallow zone containing a phytoplankton association which depends largely upon regenerated nutrients. At the close of the southwest monsoon in August, a Mixed-Layer Bloom Province covers much of the northern Arabian Sea. This province class corresponds to the ecosystem mode represented by tropical regions undergoing marginal or mid-ocean upwelling and greatly simplifies regional extrapolation of the local primary production algorithm. At the onset of the fall intermonsoon, the Mixed-Layer Bloom Province in the northern and western Arabian Sea is superseded by a Transitional Province, which persists through the fall intermonsoon. We interpret the upper layer of the fall intermonsoon Transitional Province in the Arabian Sea as a special case of the shallow regenerative plankton ecosystem of oligotrophic ocean areas, where rates of zooplankton-driven nutrient regeneration and recycled production, key processes in the upper layer of the classic 2-layer euphotic zone of oligotrophic low-latitude oceans, reach extreme values.(!Buddemeier, R.W. Oberdorfer, J.A. 1986jcInternal hydrology and geochemistry of coral reefs and atoll islands: key to diagenetic variations. "Schroeder, J.H. Purser, B.H.Reefs diagenesis Berlin Heidelberg New york Springer 91-111 A rcuperer60The reptiles of Kapingamarangi Atoll, Micronesia Buden, D. W. 1998.(Atoll Research Bulletin [Atoll Res Bull] 450e 458D&Using Smart Source Parsing 13pp,NGTwo species of sea turtles and eight lizards comprise the herpetofauna of Kapingamarangi Atoll; the giant Micronesian gecko (Perochirus scutellatus) is unknown elsewhere. The mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus lugubris), oceanic gecko (Gehyra oceanica), and azure-tailed copper-striped skink (Emoia impar) are the most common and widespread species, being recorded on 100%, 97%, and 87% of the 31 islands, respectively. The stump-toed gecko (Gehyra mutilata) and the Pacific blue-tailed skink (Emoia caeruleocauda), both known from only a scattering of older records from the most densely inhabited and most frequently visited islands, may be extirpated or possibly still exist locally in very small numbers. Sea turtles are rare and none was observed during the present study, but local residents indicate they were more numerous in the past.Oceanic-islands; Atolls-; Biota-; Community-composition; Biological-surveys; Gehyra-mutilata; Gehyra-oceanica; Perochirus-scutellatus; Lepidodactylus-lugubris; Emoia-caeruleocauda; Emoia-impar; Reptilia-; Micronesia,-Pohnpei,-Kapingamarangi-Atoll[Ecophysiology of the pearl oyster. Relations between the growth of the oyster Pinctada margaritifera and the environment in Takapoto Atoll (Tuamotu archipelago)]d^Buestel, D. Pouvreau, S. Tiaparri, J. Bougrier, S. Chariband, J. M. Geairon, P. Fougerouse, A. 19950*Taravao Tahiti Polynesie Francaise Ifremer 132u$Using Smart Source Parsing pp A study of pearl oysters Pinctada margaritifera growth and mortality was done on a monthly basis between June 1990 and September 1991 in Takapoto Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago). Meanwhile, sampling parameters representative of bivalves food showed a remarquable spatial stability, whithin the lagoon. The amplitude of temporal variability varied in the order of some days. Carrying capacity appears low: energetic content of particulate material in waters is about 2 joules/liter, ten time. lower than in temperate areas. On the opposite, seasonal effect is reduced and particulate food is always available. Oysters rearing conditions were appropriate during the studied period with a low mortality rate and a regular growth in size (from 97 mm to 136 mm). Pearls oysters regularly used the available energy without accumulating tissue reserves. Gonad maturation was continue during the year with a strong variability between individuals. Growth of reared oysters was faster than the growth of natural stock oysters. Two kinds of methods for a optimized management of pearl oyster culture are presented: regular acquisition on growth, rearing stocks and environnement data and direct determination of carrying capacity by analytic methods.trophic-relationships; atolls-; growth-; mortality-; rearing-; Bivalvia-; Pinctada-margaritifera; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Takapoto-Atollmb$0001669155-0014ob\Mass mortality of macrobenthic communities in the lagoon of Hikueru atoll (French Polynesia)*$Adjerod, M. Andrefouet, S. Payri, C.'xrAdjerod, M; Ctr Rech Insulaires & Observ Environm; BP 1013; Moorea; Fr Polynesia Adjerod, M: adjeroud@univ-perp.fr Coral Reefs  Janu 2001193l287-291,:4Univ Perpignan, Ecole Prat Hautes Etud, Ctr Biol & Ecol Trop & Mediterraneenne, CNRS,URA 1453, F-66860 Perpignan, France; Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci Remote Sensing & Biol Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA; Univ Francaise Pacifique, Lab Ecol Marine, Faaa Aeroport, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia Article EnglishEpibenthic macrofauna communities (corals, molluscs, echinoderms, and macroalgae) were investigated at Hikueru Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago. The very low diversity and abundance that we observed (1 coral genus, and 2 mollusc, 1 echinoderm, and 17 macroalgal species) is likely to be the result of a mass mortality event that occurred 18 months earlier. Hydrological surveys suggest that this high mortality was the result of a major dystrophic crisis. Other atoll lagoons in the Tuamotu Archipelago have also been affected by high mortalities in the past, but Hikueru appears to have been the most frequently and intensely affected. The present study confirms that mass mortalities associated with phytoplankton blooms may be one of the major disturbances affecting coral reef ecosystems.rlAquatic-sciences coral-reefs; Tuamotu-Archipelago; dystrophic-crisis; disturbance- Coral-reef; blooms-; bay-|uLong-term changes of epibenthic macrofauna communities in a closed lagoon (Taiaro Atoll, French Polynesia): 1972-1994 Adjeroud, M. Hydrobiologia5 356a 1-3k 11-19o 1997Epibenthic macrofauna communities (species composition and densities of the dominant species) were investigated at Taiaro Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago, 22 years after a previous survey. This small atoll is completely closed, has no permanent functional hoa, and is not affected by direct anthropogenic disturbances since it is a Biosphere Reserve. Ten species were identified in 1994 (5 molluscs, 4 corals, and 1 echinoderm). With the 14 species identified in 1972 (12 molluscs, 1 coral, and 1 echinoderm), a total of 17 species (12 molluscs, 4 corals, and 1 echinoderm) has been recorded for the lagoon. There has been a shift in dominance away from the bivalve Crassostrea cucullata (in 1972) to Pinctada maculata (in 1994). A high mortality of the epibenthic macrofauna affected the central part of the lagoon shortly before 1972 and reached the inner reef flat afterwards. The distance of Taiaro from sources of colonizers, its small size, and the isolation of its lagoonal waters posing a physical barrier to colonization by organisms and leading to harsh environmental conditions (e.g. very high salinities: 42.5-43 psu), are likely to be the major causes of the exceptionally low diversity observed.Epibiosis-; Long-term-changes; Zoobenthos-; Atoll-lagoons; Biological-surveys; Check-lists; Dominant-species; lagoons-; French-Polynesia; Invertebrata-; ISEW,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Taiaro-Atolly ,&Leclerc AM Baptiste PJ Texier D Broc D 1999PJDensity-induced water circulations in atoll coral reefs: A numerical studyLimnology & Oceanography445l 1268-1281' 0024-3590( 219ZN(zsEndo-upwelling concept/ French-polynesia/ Island hydrology/ Model/ Flow/ Hydrogeology/ Convection/ Mururoa/ TuamotunGroundwater flow in an idealized atoll platform is simulated with CASTEM 2000, a computer code developed at the CEA (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique). Darcy's law and a coupled solute transport equation (diffusion-dispersion-convection) is solved by the mixed-hybrid finite-element method. Inward and upward circulations of oceanic water are shown to occur. These steady-stare circulations result from temperature and, to a lesser extent, salinity gradients, Inclusion of a karstified dolomitic horizon, observed at the base of the carbonate structure of certain atolls, is necessary to account for the negative vertical temperature gradient indicated by field data. The position of the platform in relation to the oceanic temperature and salinity distributions exerts a significant control on the interstitial hydraulic regime. The effect of a secondary karstic layer closer to sea surface is also modeled. In this case, calculations show that the near-surface carbonate edifice is deprived of a significant portion of the flow. Finally, an upper limit on the possible how rare through the platform is calculated. This upper estimate is shown to be independent of the possible uncertainties on the hydraulic conductivity of the system. Corresponding upper limits on the nutrient fluxes of PO43- and NO3- are evaluated. A comparison with current import and export data for the surface ecosystem indicates that in every case, nutrient fluxes hardly reach a few percent of the exports. Therefore, the deep oceanic nutrient pool brought to the surface by thermally driven interstitial circulation is only a minor nutrient source for the reef ecosystem. [References: 42](03) Leclerc AM/CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm/Bat 709,Orme Merisiers/F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette/France/ /CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm/F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette/France/ /CENS, CEA, DRN,DMT, SEMT,TTMF/F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette/France (19) AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY, 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences0001731966-0010ojdWater renewal time for classification of atoll lagoons in the Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia).(Andrefouet, S. Pages, J. Tartinville, B.'Andrefouet, S; Univ S Florida; Coll Marine Sci; 140 7th Av S; St Petersburg; FL 33701; USA Andrefouet, S: serge@carbon.marine.usf.edur Coral Reefsi Dec  2001204A399-408,Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Remote Sensing Biol Oceanog Lab, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA; Ctr Tahiti, Inst Rech Dev, Papeete, Fr Polynesia; Univ Catholique Louvain, Inst Astron & Geophys Georges Lemaitre, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium Article EnglishtvoThe feasibility of using hydrodynamic renewal time as the basis for a classification of atoll lagoons is tested for atolls of the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Renewal time depends on the inflow of oceanic water through the rim of the atoll, on a daily time scale, due to wave forcing. Renewal time is computed for a large set of morphologically diverse atolls, according to significant wave height (satellite altimetry data), morphometric indicators (high-resolution satellite images), and in-situ flow measurements. Renewal times with respect to wave height are presented for a variety of atolls. Renewal times range from less than 1 day for very open and shallow atolls, to several tens of days for semi-open moderately deep atolls, and to several years for closed or very large and deep atolls. Comparisons between phytoplanktonic biomass (in the range 0.1 to 1 mug l(-1) for total chlorophyll) and renewal time (0.1 to 130 days) leads to the identification of two groups of atolls. We obtain a significant relationship between biomass and renewal time, but only for atolls with lagoon surface areas greater than 25 km(2). Aquatic-sciences lagoon-; atoll-; hydrodynamics-; residence-time; phytoplankton-; SPOT-; landsat-; TOPEX-; ERS-1 Coral-reef-systems; phytoplankton-biomass; residence-time; circulation-; ocean-; scale-; wind-g   25-38A:4Adjeroud, M. Andrefouet, S. Payri, C. Orempuller, J.Physical factors of differentiation in macrobenthic communities between atoll lagoons in the Central Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia)r("coral reefs; Tuamotu Archipelago; canonical correspondence analysis; correlations; species composition; diversity; abundance CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CORAL-REEFS; MULTIPLE STRESSORS; REGIONAL PROCESSES; SPECIES RICHNESS; TAIARO ATOLL; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; FISH Nine atolls were characterized in order to understand how physical factors control the species composition, diversity, and abundance of macrobenthic (coral, mollusc, echinoderm, and algal) communities inside the lagoons. Only one region, the central part of Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia, was considered, in order to minimise the variation due to regional factors between regions. The lagoons investigated showed a gradient of physical factors, providing various landscape configurations. The physical factors were surface area, abundance of pinnacles, degree of hydrodynamic aperture, and relative importance of passes in this degree of aperture. Macrobenthic communities were characterized by low diversity and strong dominance of a few mollusc or echinoderm species that generally occurred in lagoons without passes. Correlation analyses indicated that species richness increases with the surface area of the lagoon. Species richness of corals, echinoderms, and macroalgae was also higher in lagoons having numerous pinnacles. Canonical correspondence analyses revealed that the distribution and the relative abundance of coral, echinoderm, and macroalgae species were correlated to the relative importance of passes, whereas degree of aperture of the lagoon was also relevant for corals and molluscs. The physical factors that control the processes of water exchange between ocean and lagoon, including passes, submerged reef flats, and spillways, influence the identity and the abundance of most macrobenthic species inside the lagoons.o$Marine Ecology-Progress Series("Article English MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. 2000 196lPBS Record: 6950t&Aharon, P. Socki, R.A. Chan, L.jcDolomitization of atolls by sea water convection flow : test of a hypothesis at Niue, South PacificJournal of Geology 198795187-203e 708e EndoupwellinganhStatus of the communities in the four atolls: Their perceptions, problems, and options for participation Ali, A. T. 1996VPWorkshop on Integrated Reef Resources Management in the Maldives. Male, Maldives197-2107piUsing Smart Source Parsing 16-20-March,- Nickerson,-D.J.-eds.;Maniku,-M.H.-eds. Madras-India BOBP 1997 ppiThe Maldivian communities in Vaavu, Meemu, Faafu, and Dhaalu atolls are generally well-aware of major issues on reef resources and are concerned with the depletion of some of these resources. There are major implications in sharing resources and potential conflicts between the grouper fishery and the baitfishery. The sharing of resources is creating social problems and conflicts. Communities believe that coral mining destroys reef resources and island environments. Some solutions to this issue include appropriate regulations, coral culture, availability of improved quality and increased use of bricks for construction purposes. Extension of tourism activities into new areas must consider ways of sharing reef resources with fishing communities. Issues concerning over-exploitation of reef resources are related to rapid growth of population and lack of sustainable development. As such, control of such factors including the even distribution of population is also necessary to avoid pressure on reef resources in one single area. Atoll and island administrations require additional personnel and facilities to play an effective role in monitoring and management of reef resources. Coral-reefs; Resource-management; Environment-management; Fishery-resources; Fishery-management; Atolls-; ISW,-Indian-Ocean,-Maldive-Is.XRAn annotated check lists of the fish of Clipperton Atoll, tropical eastern Pacific$Allen, G. R. Robertson, D. R.eRev.-Biol.-Trop.452e813-843l 1997The families found at the island are: Muraenidae, Carangidae, Labridae, Holocentridae, Serranidae and Balistidae. Represent 14% of the tropical eastern Pacific nearshore fish fauna. The 115 species include 14 offshore pelagic species, 22 inshore pelagic and midwater species, 70 demersal species that live on hard reef substrata, and nine demersal species that live in unconsolidated substrata. Among the 101 non-oceanic species, 68% are carnivorous on mobile organisms, 9.2 % feed on sesile benthic invertebrates, 12.9% are planktivorous, and 17.8% are benthic feeding herbivorous. Clipperton's fish include 63 transpacific species and 52 endemic species.NHCheck-lists; Tropical-fish; Muraenidae-; Balistidae-; ISE,-Clipperton-I.n 0001681892-0006cpiTypology of atoll rims in Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia) at landscape scale using SPOT HRV imagesJF@Andrefouet, S. Claereboudt, M. Matsakis, P. Pages, J. Dufour, P.'xqAndrefouet, S; Univ Francaise Pacif; Lab Geosci Marines & Teledetect; BP 6570,Faaa Aeroport; Tahiti; Fr Polynesias.'International Journal of Remote Sensing Apr 2001226987-1004Univ Francaise Pacif, Lab Geosci Marines & Teledetect, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia; Univ S Florida, Remote Sensing Biol Oceanog Lab, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA; Ctr Oceanol Marseille, IRD, F-1037 Marseille, France; Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Fisheries, Al Khad, Oman; Univ Toulouse 3, Inst Rech Informat Toulouse, F-31062 Toulouse, France; Ctr IRD Tahiti, Papeete, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia Article English$The lagoon of an atoll is separated from the ocean by a rim. As the rim controls the flux of water between ocean and lagoon, its structure is one of the major forcing factors of the biological processes that depend on the renewal rate of lagoonal water. Characterizing rim structure and its degree of hydrodynamic aperture is mandatory for comparing the functioning of different atoll lagoons. This paper characterizes at landscape scale the different types of rims of the atolls of the Tuamotu Archipelago ( French Polynesia) using SPOT HRV multi-spectral images. The classification of 117 segments of rims highlights nine different rims. They differ in the relative importance of vegetated, submerged, intertidal and emerged domains. These classes are recognized with accuracy greater than 85% using a simple statistical supervised algorithm. A gradient of hydrodynamic aperture is described, from 0.02%-very closed rim exposed to the north, to 0.65%-wide open rim exposed to dominant southern swell. We show that most of these nine rims have a preferential exposure. According to the direction of the dominant swell in the Tuamotu region, such exposure may explain the structure of the rims and their degree of hydrodynamic aperture. We discuss the implications of these results for research and management.Earth-sciences Pacific-ocean; residence-time; coral-; water-; classification-; indicators-; morphology-; accuracy-; systems-; lagoon-tpjA possible link between coral diseases and a corallivorous snail (Drupella cornus) outbreak in the Red SeaAntonius, A. Riegl, B.Atoll-Res.-Bull.443-449u 447 2-9e 1997In April-May and September 1996, a total of 25 reefs were studied between Taba and Ras Mohammed in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. In only four of these reefs Drupella cornus showed up in the transects in low numbers and coral diseases were found at a moderate level on most reefs. Only the reefs of Ras umm Sidd, near Sharm el Sheikh, exhibited Drupella cornus as well as coral diseases both at abundant or even epidemic levels. There definitely seems to be a correlation between abundance of snail and diseases, but the question of "what comes first" remains to be investigated: does massive coral die-off (mostly White Syndromes) attract or benefit Drupella cornus and thus promote a population explosion, or does a massive D. cornus invasion promote an epidemic of White Syndromes on corals?Disease-transmission; Coral-; Marine-molluscs; Coral-reefs; Predators-; Biological-vectors; Drupella-cornus; Acropora-hemprichi; ISW,-Red-Sea,-Aqaba-GulfAtkinson, M.J. 1992ZTProductivity of Enewetak Atoll Reef Flats Predicted from Mass Transfer Relationships Continental Shelf Research12 7-8.799-807. 541 PBS Record: 30 2+ORGANIC CARBON PRODUCTION/ COMMUNITY/ ATOLLBThe productivity of a coral reef flat at Enewetak Atoll is calculated by assuming phosphate (P) uptake is mass transfer limited, and then scaling P uptake to carbon (C) fixation. The approach is to treat the coral reef flat as a rough surface in fully-developed turbulent flow. Input parameters to the equations are water velocity, depth, roughness height of the reef, P concentration and the C:P ratio of autotrophs. A 9-day continuous record of water velocity and depth over the windward reef flats of Enewetak Atoll is used to compare an estimate of productivity from the model to the measured productivity. The calculated productivity is 542 +/- 79 mmol C m-2 day-1 and the measured productivity is 500 mmol C m-2 day-1. Although there are few experiments to verify empirical scaling of engineering equations to reef communities, these results indicate that neither alternative external supplies of P, nor biological mechanisms of recycling appear to be required to support the high areal productivity of the Enewetak reef flats. A high flow rate of tropical surface water across reef flats can account for the elevated productivity of these communities.lf(03) MJ Atkinson/Univ Hawaii/Hawaii Inst Marine Biol/POB 1346/Kaneohe, HI 96744 (42) English Article EC23,%Atkinson, M.J. Carlson, B. Crow, G.L.. 1995yCoral growth in high-nutrient, low-pH seawater: A case study of corals cultured at the Waikiki Aquarium, Honolulu, Hawaiis Coral Reefs144 215-223B 0722-4028a TM292PBS Record: 1040cD=REEF-FLAT COMMUNITIES/ PHOSPHATE-UPTAKE/ MASS-TRANSFER/ ATOLL Fifty-seven species of hermatypic corals have been maintained and grown in high-nutrient seawater at the Waikiki Aquarium, Honolulu, Hawaii. In this study we document the chemical conditions of aquarium water in terms of dissolved nutrients and carbon. Aquarium water is characterized by concentrations of inorganic nutrients that are high relative to most natural reef ecosystems: SiO(3)(similar to)200 mu M; PO(4)(similar to)0.6 mu M; NO(3)(similar to)5 mu M; NH4 (similar to)2 mu M In contrast, concentrations of organic nutrients are lower than most tropical surface ocean waters: DOP (similar to)0.1 mu M and DON (similar to)4 mu M. The incoming well-water servicing the facility has low pH, creating over-saturation of carbon dioxide. The coral communities in aquaria took up inorganic nutrients and released organic nutrients, Rates of nutrient uptake into aquaria coral communities-were similar to nutrient uptake by natural reef communities. Coral growth rates were near the upper rates reported from the field, demonstrating corals can and do flourish in relatively high-nutrient water. The growth of corals does not appear to be inhibited at concentrations of nitrogen up to 5 mu M Statements implying that corals can only grow in low nutrient oligotrophic seawater are therefore oversimplifications of processes that govern growth of these organisms. Some basic guidelines are given for maintenance of coral communities in aquaria. d^(03) MJ Atkinson/Hawaii Inst Marine Biol/POB 1346/Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA (42) English Article! l<*#Boehlert, G.W. Watson, W. Sun, L.C.b 1992vpHorizontal and Vertical Distributions of Larval Fishes Around an Isolated Oceanic Island in the Tropical Pacific@:Deep - Sea Research Part A - Oceanographic Research Papers39 3-4A439-466 250PBS Record: 100GREAT BARRIER-REEF/ CORAL-REEF/ SARGASSO SEA/ LIZARD ISLAND/ RECRUITMENT/ PATTERNS/ MASS/ ICHTHYOPLANKTON/ MESOZOOPLANKTON/ LEPTOCEPHALIIchthyoplankton and oceanographic sampling was conducted in November 1984 in waters surrounding Johnston Atoll (16-degrees-44'N, 169-degrees-32'W). a small, isolated atoll in the central Pacific Ocean. The typical flow pattern in this region is westward; the nearest island is in the Hawaiian Archipelago, 760 km away. Most collections were dominated by oceanic taxa. In the 0-50 m stratum, larval densities were relatively uniform horizontally. but densities down-current of the island tended to be higher, and fish eggs were concentrated there. In the 50-100 m stratum. larval abundance on the down-current side of the island was markedly higher than either up-current or farther down-current. Oceanic taxa did not display this pattern, while marked areas of very high abundance characterized the island-related taxa, the most abundant including the gobiid Eviota epiphanes and the apogonid Pseudamiops sp. Estimates of geostrophic flow indicate that the region down-current of the atoll was one of return flow associated with apparent mesoscale eddies or meanders north and west of the island. This region may serve as a down-current retention area for the pelagic larvae of island-related taxa and may facilitate recruitment back to the source populations.(03) GW Boehlert/NOAA/Natl Marine Fisheries Serv/SW Fisheries Sci Ctr/Honolulu Lab/2570 Dole St/Honolulu, HI 96822 (42) English Article The role of high-energy events (hurricanes and/or tsunamis) in the sedimentation, diagenesis and karst initiation of tropical shallow water carbonate platforms and atollsBourrouilh-Le-Jan, F. G.Sediment.-Geol.c 118, 1-4T 3-36 19982+Karst morphology appears early, even during carbonate sediment deposition. Examples from modern to 125-ka-old sub-, inter- and supratidal sediments are given from the Bahamas (Atlantic Ocean) and from Tuamotuan atolls (southeastern Pacific Ocean), with mineralogical and hydrological analyses. Karstification is favoured by the aragonitic composition of bioclasts coming from the shallow marine bio-factory. Lithification by aragonite cements appears as a rim around carbonate deposits and dissolution and non-cementation start at the same time on modern supratidal deposits (Andros micrite or atoll coral rudite) and provoke the formation of a central depression on small or large carbonate platforms. In fact, this early solution of the centre of platforms is closely related to the location of each of the studied examples on hurricane tracks. High-energy events, such as hurricanes and tsunamis, affect sediment transport but hurricanes also affect diagenesis as a result of the enormous volume of freshwater carried and discharged along their paths. This couple, lithification-solution, is localised at sea level and accompanies sea-level fluctuations along the eustatic curve. Because of the precise location of hurricane action all around the Earth, early karstification by aragonite solution, cementation and supratidal carbonate sediment accumulations (high-energy trails) act together on all the platforms and atolls located inside the Tropics (23 degree 27') between roughly 5 degree -10 degree and 25 degree on both hemispheres. However, early karstification acts alone on shallow carbonate platforms including atolls along the equatorial belt between 5 degree -10 degree N and 5 degree -10 degree S. These early steps of karstification are linked to the ocean-atmosphere interface due to the bathymetrical position of shallow carbonate platforms, including atolls. They lead to complex karstified emerged platforms, called high carbonate islands, where carbonate diagenesis, together with the development of bauxite- and /or a phosphate-rich cover and phreatic lens, will occur.,&Sedimentation-; Atolls-; Hurricanes-; Diagenesis-; Sediment-Transport; Karst-; Tsunamis-; Cementation-; Sedimentary-structures; Carbonates-; Lithification-; Tropical-oceanography; Karstification-; ASW,-Caribbean-Sea,-Bahamas; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.; World-Equatorial-Waters,&Brock, J. Sathyendranath, S. Platt, T. 1993^WModelling the Seasonality of Subsurface Light and Primary Production in the Arabian Seau& Marine Ecology - Progress Series 1013209-221 0171-8630 1241PBS Record: 360OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION/ SURFACE THERMAL STRUCTURE/ INDIAN-OCEAN/ MIXED LAYER/ SOUTHWEST MONSOON/ NORTH-ATLANTIC/ SOMALI CURRENT/ PACIFIC OCEAN/ PHYTOPLANKTON/ CHLOROPHYLLSeasonal changes in mixed-layer depth and phytoplankton biomass in the Arabian Sea are assessed with climatologies of ship-based hydrographic measurements and ocean-color observations from satellite. At the close of the intermonsoons in November and especially May, the open Arabian Sea resembles the stereotypic, unperturbed tropical ocean, with a thin oligotrophic mixed layer and a pronounced subsurface chlorophyll maximum. Both the northeast and southwest monsoons disrupt this typical tropical hydrography through mixed-layer deepening and eutrophication in the central and northern Arabian Sea. Computations using a spectral model of light penetration suggest that seasonal changes in mixed-layer thickness and phytoplankton concentration result in pronounced fluctuations through the annual cycle in the radiant flux reaching the base of the mixed layer. At the close of the fall and spring intermonsoons the base of the model euphotic zone is in the thermocline across all of the open Arabian Sea. The euphotic zone appears to rise into the mixed layer of the northern Arabian Sea during both the winter and summer monsoons. Strong seasonality in total primary production and its partitioning between the mixed layer and thermocline is predicted by a photosynthesis-irradiance model for a site in the western Arabian Sea (14.36-degrees N, 57.38-degrees E). Modeled mixed-layer primary production depicts an intense peak for the southwest monsoon and a secondary northeast monsoon peak separated by intermonsoon periods of low production. During the fall and spring intermonsoons, in the presence of a subsurface chlorophyll maximum, the model estimate of primary production in the thermocline exceeds that in the mixed layer. Our model calculations suggest that the subsurface chlorophyll maximum present in the Arabian Sea during the spring intermonsoon is a precursor of the regional, summer, phytoplankton bloom.(03) J Brock/Fisheries & Oceans Canada/Bedford Inst Oceanog/Div Biol Oceanog/POB 1006/Dartmouth B2Y 4A2/Ns, Canada (42) English Article P576l piPCBs, DDE, DDT, and TCDD-EQ in two species of albatross on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, North Pacific OceanJf`Auman, H. J. Ludwig, J. P. Summer, C. L. Verbrugge, D. A. Froese, K. L. Colborn, T. Giesy, J. P.Environ.-Toxicol.-Chem. 163-498-504a 1997 Concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine insecticides, including the 1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2'-bis-p-chlorophenyl-ethane (DDT) complex, were measured in the plasma of chicks and adults and in eggs of Laysan albatrosses (Diomedea immutabilis) and black-footed albatrosses (Diomedea nigripes) in a remote area of the central North Pacific Ocean. Significant differences in total concentrations of PCBs, DDT, and 1,1-dichloro-2,2'-bis-p-chlorophenyl-ethylene (DDE) in the plasma were detected between species and among sampling periods. Current concentrations of DDE in eggs of Laysan albatrosses are well below the threshold for eggshell thinning, based on the sensitivities of other fish-eating birds, whereas concentrations of DDE in eggs of black-footed albatrosses were approximately one-half of the threshold concentrations necessary for eggshell thinning. The shells of Laysan and black-footed albatross eggs are not currently exhibiting significant thinning that is resulting in population-level effects. Current concentrations of PCBs are near those that could be having subtle population-level effects in the black-footed albatross, but not in the Laysan albatross. The hazard posed to the albatrosses by current concentrations of PCBs was assessed by calculating a hazard quotient (HQ), based on composite dose-response relationships for other species. Dioxin equivalents (TEq) based on mammalian toxic equivalency factors resulted in the greatest HQ, which was near the concentration when embryo lethality and deformities are observed in fish-eating colonial waterbirds of the North American Great Lakes. Current concentrations of both PCBs and the DDT complex were similar to those in some species of piscivorous birds of the North American Great Lakes region.ywildlife-; PCB-compounds; DDE-; DDT-; TCDD-; organochlorine-compounds; insecticides-; Diomedea-immutabilis; Diomedea-nigripes; aquatic-birds; eggs-; bioaccumulation-; Pacific-Ocean,-Midway-Atoll,-Sand-I.; PCB-; chlorinated-hydrocarbons; bird-eggs; marine-birds; polychlorinated-biphenyls; birds-; water-pollution-effects; Diomedea-immutabilis; Diomedea-nigripes; ISE,-Midway-I.rlPreliminary description of Borzia elongata p. nov., a representative of a valid genus in the Oscillatoriales2,Baker, K. K. Patterson, G. M. L. Ikagawa, M.*$Arch.-Hydrobiol.-Suppl.-Algol.-Stud. 118. 1-122,Referred to also as Algological Studies, 84. 1997f`Trichomes have been isolated from marine sand in the intertidal area of Johnston Atoll (16 degree 44'56"N, 16 degree 30'29"W) and identified as belonging to the species Borzia elongata p. nov (family Borziaceae). The species differs from previously described species by its longer mean trichome length (256 mu m and 82 cells) and the convoluted shape of the thylakoids. The objective of the present research was to document morphological variation in culture. Trichomes were bright bluegreen and had an mean doubling time of 0.11 ( plus or minus 0.02 SD)/day. Higher growth rates were seen under low salinity and neutral to alkaline pH conditions. Cell shape was compressed globose with slight indentations between cells. The range of cell size was 3-6 mu m wide by 2-4 mu m long. Cell division was not localized and trichomes freqently fragmentes into smaller pieces. The trichome length ranged from 16-2006 mu m. No sheaths, motility hormogonia, heterocysts, akinetes, and or necridia (as seen inHormoscilla)were present. End cells were occasionally more narrow and elongate than other vegetative cells. Large cyanophycin granules and carboxysomes were seen in the cytoplasm. The characteristics were stable in culture. The data support the view that the genusBorzia s a valid genus in the Oscillatoriales and that the organisms are not isolated hormogonia of other species.0*electron-microscopy; pH-; Oscillatoriales-haFeasibility study on farming, processing and export of Eucheuma (seaweeds). Laamu Atoll, MaldivesrBarraca, R. T., Sr. 1996Bangkok Thailand Fao21$Using Smart Source Parsing pp;The findings are presented of a consultancy conducted in Laamu Atoll, Maldives, to determine the feasibility of the farming, processing and export of seaweeds (Eucheuma). A list is given of criteria for determining the suitability of Laamu Atoll for Eucheuma culture, and an examination made of the benefits of cultivating the seaweed. The performance of test plants at Gamu Island is described. It was concluded that almost all plantable sites for Eucheuma in several islands of the Laamu Atoll meet the environmental suitability criteria. Recommendations regarding technology for seaweed farming, and the processing and marketing of the seaweeds are included.seaweed-culture; aquaculture-development; site-selection; feasibility-studies; report-literature; Eucheuma-; ISW,-Indian-Ocean,-Maldive-Is.,-Laamu-Atoll; Maldive-Is.haFeasibility study on farming, processing and export of Eucheuma (seaweeds). Laamu Atoll, MaldivesaBarraca, R. T., Sr.t 1997Bangkok Thailand FAO5i$Using Smart Source Parsing ppaRLThe findings are presented of a mission conducted in Laamu Atoll, Maldives, in March 1997 to evaluate the performance of Eucheuma culture, as a follow-up to a previous technical assistance conducted in February 1996 to introduce the floating net-bag technique, and also to introduce post-harvest technology to the project staff and workers. It was concluded that the seaweed project has been successful in the experimental and pilot farm stages, and is now ready to start the commercialization stage. A plan of action is recommended, following termination of project funding in June 1997.~xSeaweed-culture; Aquaculture-development; Aquaculture-techniques; Eucheuma-; ISW,-Indian-Ocean,-Maldive-Is.,-Laamu-Atoll Basillais, E. 1997:3Coral surfaces and fractal dimensions: a new method0*C.-R.-Acad.-Sci.-Ser.-3-Sci.-Vie-Life-Sci. 3208653-657hbCoral-; Organism-morphology; Coral-reefs; Pacillopora-; Acropora-; Porites-; ISE,-French-PolynesiaPJWe present details of a completely new method designed to estimate the surface of coral colonies at different scales. The scales (0.3 mm to 10 cm) are derived from the colony structural elements (colony, branches or undulations, verrucae, calices, septa). The results, obtained for 126 colonies from among the three main morphologies (genera Pocillopora, Acropora, Porites) of the outer reef slopes of the Tikehau atoll (French Polynesia), are used to determine the fractal dimension of each colony. A statistical study shows a tendency to homogeneity of fractal dimensions around 2.64. EC 3NGNorthwestern Pacific atolls and guyots: ODP Leg 143 preliminary resultsiBaudin, F. Arnaud, H. Sager, W. W. Winterer, E. L. Firth, J. Baker, P. E. Bralower, T. Castillo, P. Cooper, P. Flood, P. G. Golovchenko, X. Iryu, Y. Ivanov, M. Jenkyns, H. C.B;C.-R.-Acad.-Sci.-Ser.-2-Mec.-Phys.-Chim.-Sci.-Terre-Universa 316a49505-511. 1993During Leg 143, 12 holes located on 6 sites allowed study of (1) the development, growth and drowning of two Cretaceous atolls in the NW-Pacific, (2) the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary archipelagic apron adjacent to Bikini Atoll in Marshall Islands and (3) the shallow-water drilling capability of Joides-Resolution. About 3800 m of sediment and basalt were cored with water-depths varying from 38 to 4800 m. A new history of evolution of Early Cretaceous guyots in the Mid-Pacific Mountains is now proposed.tLFAtolls-; Guyots-; Cretaceous-; Sediments-; Basalts-; Northwest-Pacificn PBS Record: 2780R& Bernat, M. Loubet, M. Baumer, A.60On the Origin of Phosphates from the Nauru AtollOceanologica Acta 1991144325-331(42) French Article\UM Bernat/Lab Geochim Isotop/Unite Rech Associee 132/Parc Valrose/F-06034 Nice, Franceg GG200avpRARE-EARTH ELEMENTS/ ISOTOPES/ PACIFIC/ ND-143-ND-144/ PHOSPHORITES/ GEOCHEMISTRY/ SEDIMENTS/ DEPOSITS/ ATLANTIC$Life and death of coral reefs; Birkeland, C.L 1997(!NEW YORK, NY USA CHAPMAN and HALLN 554NHUsing Smart Source Parsing pp Price: US$79.95, ordering: (800) 842-3636.Living coral is a thin veneer, measured in millimeters. Yet this thin film of living tissue has shaped the face of the Earth by creating limestone structures sometimes over 1,300 m thick from the surface down to its base on volcanic rock (Enewetak Atoll), or over 2,000 km long (Great Barrier Reef). About half the world's coastlines are in the tropics and about a third of the tropical coastlines are made of coral reef. Archipelagoes of hundreds of atolls such as the Marshalls, the Maldives, the Tuamotus and most of the Carolines and Kiribati have been formed by coral. In addition to enlarging high islands (such as the entire northern end of Guam) and extending and protecting coastlines, ancient biogenic reefs have formed even larger areas on the present continents. Shallow living coral reefs are estimated to presently cover over 600,000 km super(2) (Smith, 1978). Coral reefs are dynamic systems, producing limestone at the rate of 400-2,000 tons per hectare per year (Chave et al., 1972). The Great Barrier Reef dominates 230,000 km super(2) and has grown to this size in a geologically brief period of a few million years. Coral reefs influence the chemical balance of the world's oceans. Roughly half the calcium that enters the sea each year around the world, from the north to south poles, is taken up and temporarily bound into coral reefs (Smith, 1978). With each atom of calcium, a molecule of CO sub(2) is also deposited, with gross CO sub(2) fixation estimated on the order of 700 billion kg carbon per year. Coral reefs and many of the present genera of corals have been around since long before the prairies or other ecosystems of grasses existed. The genera Leptoria and Montastrea were around before the class Angiospermae (flowering plants) dominated the terrestrial realm. Yet coral reefs and other systems based on plant-animal symbioses are especially sensitive and vanish about a million years before other groups of organisms each time there is a global mass extinction (Copper, 1994). Reefs of plant-animal symbioses have occupied over 10 times their present area at some times during the Paleozoic, yet at times they have vanished completely or have occupied only a hundredth of their present area.TNcoral-reefs; nature-conservation; biological-surveys; environmental-monitoringvoSize Composition of Particulate Organic Matter in the Lagoon of Tikehau Atoll Tuamotu Archipelago Pacific Ocean,%Blanchot, J. Charpy, L. Le Borgne, R. 1989Marine Biology 102t3r329-340i:3Suspended particulate matter was comprehensively investigated from 6 to 17 April 1986 in the lagoon of Tikehau atoll (15.degree.00'S; 148.degree.10'W). Dry weight (DW), particulate organic carbon (POC), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and chlorophyll a were measured for five size-classes (0.2 to 0.8 .mu.m, 0.8 to 3 .mu.m, 3 to 35 .mu.m, 35 to 200 .mu.m, and 200 to 2 000 .mu.m). Taxa were identified and counted for the whole plankton (both autotrophic and heterotrophic). Particles <3 .mu.m accounted for 81% of the total POC (192 mg m-1), and detritus comprised 82% of the total POM. Phytoplankton (cyanobacteria plus algae) accounted for 35% of the living carbon, 75% of which consisted of heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria. The zooplankton biomass was composed of 31% nano-, 26% micro-, and 43% mesoplankton.<6Using Smart Source Parsing pp ENGLISH 00253162 ArticleBACD199089002611{Report of picophytoplankton study during the astro cruise in the Great Astrolabe Reef (18 degree 45'S-178 degree 30'E) FijiA Blanchot, J. 1996jcThe great Astrolabe reef lagoon Fiji: Results of the French Fijian ASTRO expedition Charpy, L. eds.s46 69-77 $Using Smart Source Parsing ppiProchlorococcus were studied with a flow cytometer, in the lagoon of the Great Astrolabe Reef (Fiji) the distribution of pico-phytoplankton within the water column was mostly homogeneous. The Prochlorococcus (Proc.) and Synechococcus (Syn.) were the most abundant groups and the picoeukaryotes (Peuk.) were an order of magnitude less abundant. The Synechococcus dominated the integrated: cell number, in vivo fluorescence and carbon biomass. In the surrounding ocean, the phytoplankton distribution was heterogeneous. Proc. and Peuk. had a subsurface maximum near the nitracline; Syn. was only abundant in surface layers and decreased drastically downward. No group clearly dominated. Prochlorococcus dominated in integrated cell numbers, whereas Synechococcus in integrated fluorescence, and picoeukaryotes in integrated carbon biomass. By comparing the present results with the results reported from offshore oligotrophic oceans and from a closed atoll, we conclude that active exchanges occur between the lagoon and the surrounding ocean.Phytoplankton-; Biological-sampling; Cells-; Fluorescence-microscopy; Carbon-; Biomass-; Prochlorococcus-; ISEW,-Fiji,-Great-Astrolabe-Reef-LagoonZY"XW Delesalle, B. Sournia, A.i 1992NGResidence Time of Water and Phytoplankton Biomass in Coral Reef Lagoons- Continental Shelf Research12 7-8939-949t 565PBS Record: 60 ATOLL LAGOON/ MATTER/ SEApjIn coral reef lagoons, the dependence of phytoplankton biomass on the residence time of waters has been considered for the past 20 years [GORDON et al. (1971) PacifiC Science, 25, 228-233] but no quantification has been attempted. This relationship is investigated here using the data available from 11 high islands and atolls in the Pacific Ocean. Despite the diversity of the geomorphological features of the lagoons, of their location in the Pacific Ocean and despite the differences in the methods used to measure both parameters, a linear relationship is established between the residence time and phytoplankton biomass expressed as chlorophyll a concentrations. This result applies to nine lagoons with a water residence time of 50 days or less. For residence time longer than 50 days, the two available sets of data (Takapoto and Tikehau atolls) show a much lower phytoplankton biomass. No significant relationship is found between the residence time and nutrient concentrations in the lagoons. The dependence of phytoplankton biomass on residence time of waters is discussed in terms of lagoon/ocean exchanges and budgets.(03) B Delesalle/Univ Perpignan/Ctr Biol & Ecol Trop & Mediterraneenne/CNRS/Ura 1453/Ecole Prat Hautes Etudes/F-66860 Perpignan, France (42) English Article P225ZTDelesalle, Bruno Sakka, Asma Legendre, Louis Pages, Jean Charpy, Loic Loret, Pascale 2001The phytoplankton of Takapoto Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia): time and space variability of biomass, primary production and composition over 24 yearsAquatic Living Resources143175-182 2001/0The characteristics of the phytoplankton of Takapoto Atoll are reviewed from the studies conducted between 1974 and 1998. These studies mainly concerned the biomass and primary production of phytoplankton while the taxonomic composition received far less attention. The mean biomass is 0.2-0.3 [mu]g chl a.L-1. The phytoplankton is homogeneously distributed on a year scale although an higher biomass (0.8 [mu]g chl a.L-1) may temporarily exist in the south part of the atoll under moderate tradewinds or calm weather. The gross primary production reached 0.8 g C.m-2.day-1 whereas the net primary production is estimated to be 0.7 g C.m-2.day-1. No significant long-term changes of the biomass or primary production can be observed. The implications of this stability are discussed in the context of the mother-of-pearl mariculture. Size fractionated samples revealed the predominance of picophytoplankton which represented more than 60% of the phytoplankton biomass and achieved > 50% of the primary production. The taxonomic composition observed in 1974 showed the predominance of three algal groups: diatoms, dinoflagellates and coccolithophorids. The diatoms were the most diversified group, while the dinoflagellates were the most abundant. No further examination of the phytoplankton was undertaken until 1996. At that time, the microplankton was quite absent, and the phytoplankton communities were dominated by the pico- and nanophytoplankton, mainly chlorophytes, prymnesiophytes and dinoflagellates. This drastic shift of the phytoplankton communities towards smaller size is not clearly understood. It emphasises the need of taxonomic studies for a better understanding of the lagoon ecology.rkTY - JOUR, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VRH-43CBGWC-5/1/c2d4a85c679aaa5f8c789b09eab42e96 EC223Marine algae from oceanic atolls in the southwestern Caribbean (Albuquerque Cays, Cortown Cays, Serrana Bank, and Roncador Bank)$Diaz-Pulido, G. Bula-Meyer, G.Atoll-Res.-Bull.443-4497 448r 2-8I 1997vpA total of 171 taxa of benthic marine algae are recorded from four oceanic atolls in the southwestern Caribbean Sea (Albuquerque Cays, Courtown Cays, Roncador Bank and Serrana Bank). The algae were collected in the different geomorphological zones and bottom habitats occurring in these ree-complexes, and within a depth range from intertidal to 40 m. Of the total taxa found, 6 are Cyanobacteria, 61 Chlorophyta, 22 Phaenophyta and 82 Rhodophyta. Twenty seven taxa are now records for the Colombian Caribbean. The marine flora of these atolls is closely related with that of the northern Caribbean phytogeographical region.Seaweeds-; Atolls-; Coral-reefs; New-records; Distribution-records; Check-lists; Biogeography-; Taxonomy-; Community-composition; algae-; marine-flora; Colombia-; Algae-; ASW,-ColombialfHolocene Sea-Level Record on Funafuti and Potential Impact of Global Warming on Central Pacific AtollsDickinson, W. R.Quaternary-Research 512L124-132  1999NGGeomorphic features inherited from the mid-Holocene glacio-hydro-isostatic sea-level highstand that affected the central Pacific region influence the susceptibility of atoll islets to potentially enhanced wave erosion associated with rise in sea level from global warming. Shoreline morphology on multiple islets of Funafuti Atoll in central Tuvalu reflects a relative mid-Holocene sea-level highstand 2.2-2.4 m above modern sea level. Typical islets are composed of unconsolidated post-mid-Holocene sediment resting disconformably on cemented coral rubble formed beneath now-emergent mid-Holocene reef flats. Exposed remnants of the lithified islet foundations serve as resistant buttresses protecting the flanks of atoll islets from wave attack. Islets lacking cemented mid-Holocene deposits as part of their internal structure are migratory sand cays with unstable shorelines. Any future sea-level rise greater than or equal to 0.75 m, bringing high tide above the elevation of mid-Holocene low tide, might trigger enhanced wave erosion of stable atoll islets by overtopping the indurated mid-Holocene reef platforms. As analogous threshold relations are inferred for other central Pacific atolls, the risk of future inundation of island nations cannot be evaluated solely in terms of expected sea-level rise with respect to gross islet elevations.Holocene-; Eustatic-changes; Sea-level-changes; Coastal-morphology; Atolls-; Greenhouse-effect; ISEW,-Pacific,-Tuvalu,-Funafuti-Atoll,H+6*)('&tBuestel, D. Pouvreau, S. 2000`YParticulate matter in Takapoto lagoon waters: potential food for cultivated pearl oysterstOceanologica Acta\232\193-210tAtoll tuamotu archipelago. Wind-induced resuspension. Shallow tropical lagoon. French-polynesia. Pinctada-margaritifera. Phytoplankton biomass. Particle retention. Organic-matter. Size. Productivity.Results of research concerning the food of the pearl oyster Pinctada mai margaritifera are presented, by taking Takapoto atoll (Tuamotu archipelago, French Polynesia) as a study site. Monthly sampling of several parameters representative of bivalve environment and food (water temperature, salinity, mineral and organic matter, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, chlorophyll a and phaeopigments) confirm and increase knowledge of the Takapoto lagoon hydrobiology. The variability of these parameters was analysed. Takapoto lagoon showed a remarkable spatial stability. Temporal variations showed a low seasonal trend. Local meteorology (wind, precipitation) had an influence on short-term variability (especially for mineral matter). Night and day rhythm also affected some parameters (temperature, chlorophyll a, lipids and carbohydrates). In this shellfish environment, carrying capacity appears to be low: organic matter is around 0.35 mg.L-1, chlorophyll a concentration is below 0.30 mu g L (- 1) and energetic content of particulate material in waters, approx. 2 J.L (- 1), is ten times lower than in temperate areas. On the other hand, seasonal effect is reduced and particulate food is always available. Preliminary results on carrying capacity show that cultivated pearl oysters play an insignificant role on the system in comparison with the natural trophic bivalve population. (C) 2000 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. [References: 66]iFrench Reprint available from: Pouvreau S Ctr Ifremer Cop BP 7004 Taravao Tahiti Fr Polynesia Ctr Ifremer Cop Taravao Tahiti Fr Polynesia Crema F-17137 Lhoumeau France Stn Infremer Palavas, Chem Maguelone F-34250 Palavas Flots France EC205'spouvrea@ifremer.frPBS Record: 7020i Buigues, D..haSedimentation et diagenese des formations carbonatees de l'atoll de Mururoa (Polynesie Franaise)These Univ. Paris-Sud 1982 715o endoupwellingrpjTropical zooplankton in the highly-enclosed lagoon of Taiaro Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia)$Carleton, J. H. Doherty, P. J. Coral-Reefs.171G 29-35s 1998Nocturnal zooplankton assemblages around Taiaro Atoll were sampled over six nights during February 1994. Replicate zooplankton samples were collected at windward and leeward locations in the enclosed lagoon and adjacent ocean with a metered net (85 cm diameter, 500 mu m mesh) towed for 15 min at 5 m depth. The zooplankton community in the lagoon was very different from that in the ocean. Oceanic samples contained 50 mostly holoplanktonic taxa (diversity index, H' = 2.62; evenness index, J' = 0.67). Lagoonal samples contained 19 mostly meroplanktonic taxa (H' = 1.54, J' = 0.52) with three taxa (decapod larvae; an ostracod, Cypridina sp.; a copepod, Acartia fossae) contributing >90% of the individuals. Unlike the ocean, zooplankton distributions in the lagoon were not homogenous; instead spatial patterns were apparently formed by the interaction between hydrodynamic processes and species-specific behaviour.ztZooplankton-; Community-composition; Distribution-records; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Taiaro-AtollTest of open-system fractional crystallization models in periodically replenished oceanic magma chambers: Mururoa (French Polynesia) and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36 degree 50'N)Caroff, M. Maury, R. C.B;C.-R.-Acad.-Sci.-Ser.-2-Mec.-Phys.-Chim.-Sci.-Terre-Univers2 317a2 211-217  1993Two models of open-system fractional crystallisation in a periodically replenished magma chamber have been tested on the Mururoa suite (French Polynesia) and on Mid-Atlantic Ridge basalts sampled at 36 degree 50'N, respectively. The analytical data from Mururoa are consistent with a model in which the residual liquid is expelled at the end of each cycle. The alternative model, in which the liquid is erupted at the beginning of each cycle before fractional crystallisation occurs, is preferred in the case of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.i~wMagma-chambers; Volcanic-islands; Lava-; Basalts-; A,-Mid-Atlantic-Ridge; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Mururoa-Atoll Casanova, J.P. Nair, V.R.\ 1999A new species of the genus Sagitta (Phylum Chaetognatha) from the Agatti lagoon (Laccadive Archipelago, Indian Ocean) with comments on endemism(!Indian Journal of Marine Sciences282169-172 0379-5136 220WN4-A new chaetognath Sagitta madhupratapi from the Agatti atoll, Laccadive Archipelago is described. The species belongs to the group. Though collections were made from other atolls the species was found restricted to the Agatti suggesting that the species is endemic to this lagoon. It appears that isolated waters of lagoons promote speciation as this as well as another species dwelling in the area were found to be new to science. Isolation from surrounding neritic populations of chaetognaths is probably one of the reasons for endemism. [References: 18] (03) Casanova JP/Univ Aix Marseille 1, Lab Biol Anim Plancton/3 Pl Victor Hugo/F-13331 Marseille 3/France/ /Univ Aix Marseille 1, Lab Biol Anim Plancton/F-13331 Marseille 3/France (19) NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciencesl 43-52o&Charpy, L. Charpyroubaud, C. J.u~wTrophic Structure and Productivity of the Lagoonal Communities of Tikehau Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French-Polynesia)u HydrobiologiamATOLL; SUSPENDED MATTER; DETRITUS; PHYTOPLANKTON; MICROPHYTOBENTHOS; ZOOPLANKTON HIGH PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; PRODUCTION-RATES; COASTAL WATERS; BIOMASS; REEF; ZOOPLANKTON; BACTERIA; COLUMN; MATTER; ISLANDD>Carbon standing stocks and fluxes were studied in the lagoon of Tikehau atoll (Tuamotu archipelago, French Polynesia), from 1983 to 1988. The average POC concentration (0.7-2000-mu-m) was 203 mg C m-3. The suspended living carbon (31.6 mg C m-3) was made up of bacteria (53%), phytoplankton < 5-mu-m (14.2%), phytoplankton > 5-mu-m (14.2%), nanozooplankton 5-35-mu-m (5.7%), microzooplankton 35-200-mu-m (4.7%) and mesozooplankton 200-2000-mu-m (7.9%). The microphytobenthos biomass was 480 mg C m-2. Suspended detritus (84.4% of the total POC) did not originate from the reef flat but from lagoonal primary productions. Their sedimentation exceeded phytobenthos production. It was estimated that 50% of bacterial biomass was adsorbed on particles. The bacterial biomass dominance was explained by the utilisation of 1) DOC excreted by phytoplankton (44-175 mg C m-2 day-1) and zooplankton (50 mg C m-2 day-1) 2) organic compounds produced by solar-induced photochemical reactions 3) coral mucus. 50% of the phytoplankton biomass belongs to the < 5-mu-m fraction. This production (440 mg C m-2 day-1) exceeded phytobenthos production (250 mg C m-2 day-1) when the whole lagoon was considered. The zooplankton > 35-mu-m ingested 315 mg C m-2 day-1, made up of phytoplankton, nanozooplankton and detritus. Its production was 132 mg C m-2 day-1. Hydrobiologia3 1990 207NOV 22 HYDROBIOLOGIAISI:A1990EW45800006a357-369V&Charpy, L. Charpyroubaud, C. J.eZSA Model of the Relationship between Light and Primary Production in an Atoll LagoonHBJournal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 19907028MAY J MAR BIOL ASSN UKISI:A1990DF33400011s1|0 .-@f`Particulate Organic Matter Fluxes in a Tuamotu Atoll Lagoon French Polynesia South Pacific Ocean& Charpy, L. Charpy-Roubaud, C. J. 1991$Marine Ecology Progress Series711I 53-63PThe standing stock and chemical composition of suspended particles (< 35 .mu.m) were monitored in the lagoon of Tikehau Atoll from 1983 to 1987 and in surrounding oceanic waters (upper 250 m) during 4 cruises. Trapping rate of particulate material was measured between 1986 and 1987 and net export of particulate organic matter (POM) was roughly estimated using monthly average flow of water measured in the passage and the reef-flat spillways. Results showed that deep chlorophyll maxima in oceanic waters could reach 0.24 mg m-3 and were observed between 100 and 200 m even when ATP, POC, PON and POP concentrations were higher in the upper 100 m. POM concentration was homogeneous in the lagoon but varied considerably with time especially following 2 hurricanes in 1983. POM concentration was 30 to 40% higher in samples taken close to the bottom than in the water column. An oceanic station near the atoll was strongly influenced by the lagoonal discharge but POC export from the lagoon to the ocean represents only 6% of phytoplankton production. The POM content of Tikehau lagoon lies within the range recorded for coral reef areas and is made up of suspended particles 50% of which are smaller than 5 .mu.m. Their sedimentation (350 mg C-2 d-1) represents 80% of phytoplankton production.<6Using Smart Source Parsing pp ENGLISH 01718630 ArticleBACD199192110143$Charpy, L. Blanchot, J. Lo, L. 1992Cyanobacteria Synechococcus spp Contribution to Primary Production in a Closed Atoll Lagoon (Takapoto, Tuamotu, French-Polynesia)NHComptes Rendus de L Academie Des Sciences Serie III - Sciences de La Vie 3149395-401 HT627PBS Record: 950BIOMASS/ ALGAE/ SEAB;Biomass and primary production of Synechococcus and microalgae were studied in a Tuamotu atoll lagoon using chlorophyll-a (chl-a) measurements, epifluorescence microscopic cell enumerations and in situ incubations with C-14. Water samples were filtered on Nuclepore filters of 3, 1 and 0.2-mu-m pore size and Whatman GF/F (glass fibre filter able to retain 0.4-0.7-mu-m particles to estimate the contribution of the different phytoplankton class size to biomass and primary production. Synechococcus abundance 135 x 10(6) cells l-1, 82% of which had a size of less than < 1-mu-m and accounts for 0.2-mu-g chl-a (67% of total chl-a) and 16.8-mu-g C. Daily primary production was 0.5 g Cm-2 d-1 (60.3% of total primary production) and their P/B ratio was very high: 11-mu-g Ch-1 10(9) cells-1 and 13 to 21-mu-g Ch-1 mu-g chl-a-1.1NG(03) L Charpy/Orstom/BP 529/Papeete, Fr Polynesia (42) French ArticleA\UThe great Astrolabe reef lagoon (Fiji): Results of the French-Fijian ASTRO expeditions.(Charpy, L. Charpy-Roubaud, C. Newell, P. 1996\UNotes Doc. Oceanogr. Cent. Tahiti ORSTOM Papeete French Polynesia ORSTOM Cent. Tahiti46& Using Smart Source Parsing 95 pp  This work was carried out in Fiji as part of the international cooperation in marine biology between France and Fiji. This cooperation was initiated in 1991 between the Tahiti ORSTOM Center and the Institute of Marine Resources (The University of South Pacific, Suva). In 1988, a Marine Pollution Research Group was formed at USP to coordinate the work in this field at the University. The group decided to carry out a baseline study of the Astrolabe lagoon and reef. The development of Dravuni as an important center for reef and lagoon research, attracting scientists from around the world was also envisaged (Morrison & Naqasima, 1992). In 1991, the ORSTOM CYEL program in French Polynesian atolls began, with the object of creating a models for the operating system of atoll lagoons. Contacts were made between USP and ORSTOM scientists and the site of the Great Astrolabe Reef lagoon was choosen for a join study. A preliminary expedition was done in 1993 and a proposal (ASTRO) was drawn up to complete the baseline study of the Great Astrolabe Reef lagoon and to compare the GAR lagoon with French Polynesian lagoons. The description of the Great Astrolabe Reef and lagoon appears in Morrison & Naqasima (1992): The Great Astrolabe Reef (18 degree 45'S, 178 degree 30'E) is situated north-east of Kadavu and south of Viti Levu (Figure 1). The Astrolabe Islands are a group of volcanic islands 3.3 to 3.5 million years old (Howorth & Carman, 1992). The climate is humid tropical with an average temperature of 25 degree C and rainfall of 2596 mm. Prevailing winds are from the south east. There are 13 islands, 4 of which 4 are inhabited (1000 inhabitants). Fish is the major source of protein for the villagers in the group (Naqasima et al., 1992). The lagoon surface area is approximately 210 km super(2). The maximum depth is about 37.5 m and the average depth is 20 m (Naqasima et al., 1992). The residence time for the Astrolabe lagoon was estimated 15-25 days in first approximation by MacLeod (1992). Preliminary results on marine biology, water quality, shellfish quality and sediments were published by Naqasima & Bandy (1992), Morrison & Maata (1992), Morrison et al. (1992), Morrison & Naidu (1992). Thirteen scientists have studied the GAR lagoon in May 1994 (Table 1). A part of them was based in the field research station of Dravuni Island with the support of the USP APHAREUS research vessel ship and the others in the ORSTOM ALIS research vessel ship. This volume presents 10 papers redacted by 16 scientists from 9 institutes (Table 1).Coral-reefs; Lagoons-; Phytoplankton-; Biomass-; Primary-production; Nutrients-mineral; Benthos-; Sedimentation-; Organic-matter; Organic-carbon; ISEW,-Fiji,-Great-Astrolabe-Reef-Lagoon Charpy, L. 1996ZTPhytoplankton biomass and production in two Tuamotu atoll lagoons (French Polynesia)& Marine Ecology - Progress Series 145R133-142R& Marine Ecology - Progress Series 2531NGNUTRIENTS; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; PICOPHYTOPLANKTON; PRIMARY PRODUCTIONi@9TP FP - PRODUCTION PRIMAIRE : POPULATIONS NATURELLES; ; ;l P1015 432.Charpy, L. Blanchot, J. 1996rlProchlorococcus contribution to phytoplankton biomass and production of Takapoto Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago)0*C.-R.-Acad.-Sci.-Ser.-3-Sci.-Vie-Life-Sci. 3192131-137phytoplankton-; biomass-; abundance-; new-records; ecologcial-distribution; coastal-lagoons; Prochlorococcus-; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Takapota-Atoll; dominant-species; Synechococcus-f_Prochlorococcus was observed for the first time in an atoll lagoon. Phytoplankton distribution was heterogeneous in the water column. In the upper 10 m, total biomass was lower and dominated by picoeukaryotes. Below, biomass was higher and dominated by Synechococcus. Biomass and production maxima were almays below 10 m. On average (0-25 m), the percentage of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryote abundance were respectively 20%, 78%, 2% and percent of fluorescence was 2%, 57% and 41%. Maximum abundances were respectively 1.1 x 10 super(4), 7.5x 10 super(4), 0.3x 10 super(4) cells per ml and respective contributions to phytoplankton production were 2%, 55% and 43%. In surrounding oceanic waters (0-150 m), percentage of Prochlorococcus, Synochococcus and picoeabaryote abundance was respectively 98%, 1%, 1% and percentage of fluorescence 42%, 6% and 52%. Maximum abundances (cells ml super(-1)) were 160xlO super(4) Prochlorococcus, 0.15x10 super(4) Synechococcus and 0.2x10 super(4) picoeukaryotes. Lagoonal conditions seem to be preferred by Synechococcus and oceanic conditions by Prochlorococcus.- P85TNParticulate organic matter in sixteen Tuamotu atoll lagoons (French Polynesia)& Charpy, L. Dufour, P. Garcia, N.Mar.-Ecol.-Prog.-Ser.a 151o 1-3c 55-65w 1997RLThe standing stock and chemical composition of suspended particles were monitored in 16 Tuamotu atoll lagoons and surrounding oceanic water between 1983 and 1996. Temporal and spatial variability was estimated from 18 surveys performed in Takapoto. Atoll lagoon particulate organic matter (POM) concentrations were compared using data taken during the same months (March and November) and at the same time (morning). It appears that the lagoonal particulate organic carbon concentration depends on the latitude of each lagoon. We interpret this result as an influence of the waters deriving from the Peruvian and equatorial upwellings. Phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll) concentration was inversely related to the water exchange between lagoon and ocean. Therefore, the best atolls for pearl oyster farming seem to be those located north of the Tuamotu Archipelago and with small exchange with the ocean. POM concentration was 2 to 5 times higher in the atoll lagoons than in the surrounding oceanic water, with a higher C:N ratio and a lower N:P ratio. The small size of organic particles (70% <3 mu m) and the low contribution of phytoplankton to particulate organic carbon (POC) (5 to 19%) in the lagoons must be taken into account when calculating the potential of pearl oysters, which cannot exceed the nutritional potential of Tuamotu atoll lagoons.Particulate-organic-matter; Atoll-lagoons; Carbon-; Nitrogen-; Phosphorus-; Phytoplankton-; Biomass-; Chlorophylls-; Monitoring-; Literature-reviews; Variance-analysis; ISE,-Tuamotu-I.139-147 ,&Charpy, L. Charpy-Roubaud, C. Buat, P.tnExcess primary production, calcification and nutrient fluxes of a patch reef (Tikehau atoll, French Polynesia)atoll; POM; sedimentation; coral reefs; calcification; production; nutrients GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SEA CO2 FLUXES; CORAL-REEFS; COMMUNITY METABOLISM; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BIOEROSION; TUAMOTU; MOOREA; PACIFIC; BUDGETCommunity metabolism (primary production, respiration and calcification), nutrient budgets, and export of particulate organic matter of a patch reef were investigated in the lagoon of Tikehau atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia). The pinnacle studied displays strong carbonate dissolution of the top surface layer, estimated to be up to -37 g CaCO3 m(-2) d(-1). The net production is negative (-3.2 g C m(-2) d(-1)) and the gross primary production was estimated to be 4.4 g C m(-2) d(-1). So the lagoonal pinnacle appears to be a sink for particulate organic matter, which is trapped by the reef frame, and a source of nitrate for downstream lagoonal waters.$Marine Ecology-Progress Series("Article English MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.m 1998 173n 57-70,Charpy, L. Blanchot, J.cPhotosynthetic picoplankton in French Polynesian atoll lagoons: estimation of taxa contribution to biomass and production by flow cytometry$Marine Ecology-Progress Series@:flow cytometry; cyanobacteria; Prochlorococcus; chlorophyll; primary production; atoll lagoons; diurnal cell size variations NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; TUAMOTU ARCHIPELAGO; PROCHLOROCOCCUS- MARINUS; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PARTICULATE MATTER; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; LIGHT SCATTER; SYNECHOCOCCUS; TAKAPOTOlfPicophytoplankton was studied by now cytometry in 11 Tuamotu (French Polynesia) atoll lagoons and in the surrounding ocean. The respective contribution of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes on biomass and primary production was evaluated. Red fluorescence was demonstrated to be a proxy for chlorophyll. The relative sizes of the 3 picoplankton groups were estimated using forward light scattering measured in Takapoto lagoon on living cells. The average diameters for Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes were estimated as 0.62 +/- 0.08 (SD), 0.89 +/- 0.09 and 3.11 +/- 0.22 mu m, respectively. The lowest values occurred before sunrise and the highest in the afternoon. Cellular carbon content was estimated using C/biovolume ratios from the literature. The average biomass for Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes was calculated as 60 +/- 20, 178 +/- 52 and 4695 +/- 834 fg C cell(-1) respectively. Synechococcus formed the predominant group in terms of abundance and carbon biomass and had the highest planktonic primary production in most lagoons. As it is generally scarce in deep water with Limited light availability, its biomass contribution was reduced in deep lagoons. Average lagoonal picoplankton abundance varied by a factor of 200 for the different populations and was affected by the geomorphology of the atolls. In very shallow lagoons, no general trend could be observed, as the dominant group appeared to depend on the water renewal rate within the lagoon. In the surface layer of the surrounding ocean the community structure was dominated by Prochlorococcus. However, the observed percentage of Synechococcus (>10%) is usual for the coastal zone. In the upper 120 m of ocean waters surrounding Takapoto, the integrated picoplankton biomass (1242 mg C m(-2)) consisted of 65% Prochlorococcus, 1% Synechococcus and 34% picoeukaryotes.Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. 1998 162MAR ECOL-PROGR SERISI:000072545600006 y> o paleontology-DAParacentrotus-lividus. Mathaei deblainville. Population-dynamics.Parental-behaviorPARTICLE SELECTIONPARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER@=Particulate organic-matter. Atoll tuamotu archipelago. Mussel Particulate-organic-matter Pasiphaeidae-path-of-pollutants PATTERNS patterns-PCB- PCB-compounds pearl oyster(#pearl oyster Pinctada margaritiferaPearl oyster/ Pinctada margaritifera/ Tropical lagoon/ Retention efficiency/ Clearance rate/ Gill area/ French polynesia/ Suspension-feeding bivalves/ Mussel mytilus-edulis/ Crassostrea-gigas/ Pumping rates/ Body size/ Dreissena-polymorpha/ French-polyn Pearl oysters pearls-PELAGIC BACTERIAPelagic-environmentPellina-triangulatapeptide-toxins$!PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY permeability-Perochirus-scutellatus pest-controlpetroleum-geologypetroleum-hydrocarbons Petrology-PGRNpH- pharmacology- PHOSPHATE phosphorite- PHOSPHORUS<9phosphorus limitation/ water flowing/ reef flat/ Eniwetok Phosphorus- Photography-PHOTOSYNTHESISphotosynthesis- Photosynthesis/oxygen budgetPhotosynthetic-pigments phototroph- phycocyanin- physicochemical-propertiesphysiological ecologyD>Physiological ecology. Mazatlanica hanley. Cerastoderma-edule. Phytobenthos- phytoplanktonPHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASSPHYTOPLANKTON GROWTHphytoplankton pigmentsphytoplankton-phytoplankton-biomassDAphytoplankton/ atoll/ Pacific/ 14C/ primary production/ nutrients82phytoplankton/ water exchange/ coral reefs/ lagoonPICOPHYTOPLANKTON picoplankton pigments-Pinctada margaritiferaPinctada-margaritifera Pisces- PLANKTON@:Plankton Food web Network analysis Ascendency Atoll lagoon Plankton-planktonic food web plants- Plasma-plate-tectonicsPlatforms-geology$Plectroglyphidodon-imparipennis Pleistocene- Plutonium-Plutonium-isotopes(%PNW,-Greenland,-Nord-Groenland,-Thulepollutant-persistencePollution-controlpollution-dispersionpollution-effectsPollution-monitoringpollution-surveysPolyacrylamide-gels Polychaeta-POLYCHAETE CAPITELLA-CAPITATA/ CALLIANASSA-CALIFORNIENSIS/ UPOGEBIA CRUSTACEA/ BRITISH-COLUMBIA/ BIKINI ATOLLS/ BIOTURBATION/ COMMUNITIES/ LAGOON/ MEIOFAUNA/ ENEWETAKpolychlorinated-biphenyls$Polynesia,-Tuamotu-I.,-Mururoa Polynesia-polysaccharide-polysaccharides-POM<8POM/ atoll/ Pacific/ Lagoon/ phytoplankton/ POC/detritus40POM/ detritus/ atoll/ Pacific/ Undinula vulgaris POM/ lagoonHEPOM/ zooplankton/ mucus/ export/ Eniwetok/ atoll/ Pacific/aggregates/Pomacentridae- ponds- Population-characteristicsPopulation-declinePopulation-densityPopulation-dynamicsPopulation-ecologyPopulation-geneticsPopulation-numberPopulation-structure pore-water Porifera- Porites- Porites-lutea porosity- Portugal-? 6??$?? ?6???$?? ??6???$? ??6$ ?6$??  ?6??$??  ???6??$??  ??6????$?8?? ? ???5$?x?  ???->?????$>??  ???.??#~>???? ? ?.?#?x<??0  ???ëǫ???:9876 FCharpy, L Blanchot, J 1999jcPicophytoplankton biomass, community structure and productivity in the Great Astrolabe Lagoon, Fijit Coral Reefs}183o255-262C 0722-4028C 241WHD Flow cytometry/ Chlorophyll/ Fiji/ Primary production/ Nutrient/ Particulate organic-matter/ Atoll tuamotu archipelago/ North pacific-ocean/ Phytoplankton biomass/ Equatorial pacific/ Flow-cytometry/ French-polynesia/ Western pacific/ Barrier-reef/ Growth-ratesPhytoplankton biomass, community structure and productivity of the Great Astrolabe lagoon and surrounding ocean were studied using measurements of chlorophyll concentration and carbon uptake. The contribution of picophytoplankton to biomass, productivity and community structure was estimated by size fractionation, C-14-incubation and flow cytometry analysis. Picoplankton red fluorescence was demonstrated to be a proxy for chlorophyll < 3 mu m. Consequently, the percentage contribution to chi a < 3 mu m from each picoplankton group could be calculated using regression estimated values of psi(i) (fg chi a per unit of red fluorescence). In the lagoon, average chlorophyll concentration was 0.8 mgm(-3) with 45% of phytoplankton <3 mu m Primary production reached 1.3 gCm(-2) day(-1) with 53% due to phytoplankton <3 mu m. Synechococcus was the most abundant group at all stations, followed by Prochlorococcus and picoeukaryotes. At all stations, Prochlorococcus represented less than 4% of the chi a < 3 mu m, Synechococcus between 85 and 95%, and Picoeukaryotes between 5 and 10%. In the upper 40 m of surrounding oceanic waters, phytoplankton biomass was dominated by the >3 mu m size fraction. In deeper water, the <1 mu m size fraction dominated. Prochlorococcus was the most abundant picoplankton group and their contributions to the chlorophyll a <3 mu m were close to that of the picoeukaryotes (50% each). [References: 41] (03) Charpy L/Ctr Oceanol Marseille, IRD/Traverse de la Batterie des Lions/F-13007 Marseille/France/ /Ctr Oceanol Marseille, IRD/F-13007 Marseille/France/ /CNRS, Biol Stn, IRD/F-29682 Roscoff/France (19) SPRINGER VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciencesef`Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus dominance estimated by flow cytometry in Tuamotu atoll lagoons"Charpy, Loic Blanchot, Jean6/Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique (Monaco) 19990SPEC. ISSUE 19369-375.^WIn two coral reef lagoons of the Tuamotu Archipelago, small phytoplankton cells identified as prokaryotic Synechococcus sp. (Blanchot et al., 1989; Charpy et al., 1992) dominate larger cells both in terms of biomass and primary production (Charpy, 1996). The use of a flow cytometer revealed small populations of Prochlorococcus in the lagoon waters of Takapoto atoll (Charpy & Blanchot, 1996, 1998). Due to high geomorphological diversity of atolls the extrapolation of the existing scientific knowledge on two atoll lagoons to the others seems to be hazardous. Here, we present results of a flow cytometric survey of picoplankton in 11 Tuamotu atoll lagoons and surrounding waters. We first examine the distribution pattern of picoplankton populations, then we research the relationships between atoll geomorphology and picoplankton community structure.English 03045722 ArticleBACD200000071036:3Phosphorus supply for atoll biological productivity Charpy, L. Coral Reefsp 20012041357-360.The origin of phosphorus for atoll productivity is discussed using biogeochemical data from Tikehau atoll (French Polynesia) and taking into account new concepts of the role of the coral reef fractal dimension on P uptake. The horizontal P flux from surface oceanic water is three orders of magnitude higher than the estimated outer reef new production and three times higher than the lagoon new production. Therefore, the nutrient paradox for atoll production is definitively obsolete.English 07224028 ArticleBACD2002000601960001727935-00212Atmospheric dinitrogen fixation by benthic communities of Tikehau Lagoon (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) and its contribution to benthic primary productiona4.Charpy Roubaud, C. Charpy, L. Larkum, A. W. D.'}Larkum, AWD; Univ Sydney; Sch Biol Sci; Heydon Laurence Bldg; Sydney; NSW 2006; Australia Larkum, AWD: alark@mail.usyd.edu.autMarine Biology Nov 2001 1395991-997}Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Ctr Oceanol Marseille, IRD, F-13007 Marseille, France Article EnglishAcetylene reduction rates were measured in lagoonal sediments, cyanobacterial mats and limestone surfaces between 1991 and 1995 at many sites, depths and seasons; all the studied substrata contained cyanobacteria. The acetylene reduction/N-15(2) fixation ratio was measured for the different communities and varied between 1.8 and 4.8. depending on substratum. Fixation rates were 1.7 to 7 times higher during daylight compared to night-time rates. N-2 fixation rates ranged from 0.4 to 3.9 mg N m(-2) day(-1) for the lagoonal sediment/mat communities, and the rate was about 2 mg N m(-2) day(-1) for the lagoonal limestone substrata. Total lagoonal benthic N-2 fixation contributed 24.4% of the total nitrogen requirement for the benthic primary production of benthic communities of the lagoon. The input of N-2 fixation by the microbial planktonic communities (including cyanobacteria) of the lagoon, which are highly productive. is unquantified but is likely to be large.~Aquatic-sciences Nitrogen-fixation; coral-reef; acetylene-reduction; atoll-lagoon; marine-sediments; ecosystem-; rates-; mats-TNPrimary Production of Benthic Algae in a Tuamotu Atoll Lagoon French PolynesiaCharpy-Roubaud, C. J. 1988Oceanologica Acta113241-248The O2 measurement method permitted reliable and reproducible estimations of benthic primary production. Net hourly productions were strongly correlated with light energy and no photoinhibition appeared; daily production (PJ) could be estimated using short-time incubations and incident energy data. Regression line equation PJ versus depth provided a good estimation of lagoon bathymetric edge primary production. Net production estimations of phytoplankton were positive at all depths of the lagoon. Phytoplankton production exeeds phytobenthos at depth > 10 m. The mean value of the phytobenthic lagoon production (0.25 g C .cntdot. m-2 .cntdot. d-1) is 1.8 times lower than phytoplanktonic production.<5Using Smart Source Parsing pp FRENCH 03991784 ArticleBACD198987014953B A@t?>^=J<6tnNutrient Budget of the Lagoonal Waters in an Open Central South Pacific Atoll Tikehau Tuamotu French Polynesia6/Charpy-Roubaud, C. J. Charpy, L. Cremoux, J. L. 1990Marine Biology 107r1 67-74oNutrient concentrations were measured in the lagoon and surrounding oceanic waters of Tikehau Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) from 1984 to 1987. The "atoll-mass effect" alters the nutrient profiles: turbulent vertical mixing of the waters along the deeper slopes of the atoll induces nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment of the surface layer. Nutrient concentrations varied with year and month of sampling; except for ammonium, inorganic nutrient levels were lower inside the lagoon than in the surrounding oceanic waters. Nitrogen, phosphorus and silica budgets were calculated by mean differences in nutrient concentrations recorded between lagoon and oceanic surface waters and by the water-exchange rate through the passage linking the lagoon and oceanic waters and the reef-flat spillways. Particulate and dissolved organic nitrogen and ammonium are exported from the lagoon to the open ocean through the westward passage. The nitrogen budget is not balanced by the nitrate input from oceanic waters and the organic nitrogen and ammonium output from lagoonal waters. Nitrogen fixation would appear to constitute another source of nitrogen for lagoonal waters. The phosphorus budget is largely balanced by phosphate input from the oceanic waters and organic phosphorus output from the lagoon waters. The oceanic waters became impoverished in silicate during their crossing of the atoll reef edge and their residence in the lagoon. The atoll constitutes a source of nitrogen for the surrounding oceanic waters. <6Using Smart Source Parsing pp ENGLISH 00253162 ArticleBACD199191025690$Charpy-Roubaud, C. Charpy, L.r 1990& Nutrient Budget in an Open AtollZTComptes Rendus De L Academie Des Sciences Serie Iii-Sciences De La Vie-Life Sciences 310e5e163-167i<5Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Ser. III-Sci. Vie-Life Sci.ISI:A1990CR97200006$MAR 1 C R ACAD SCI SER III-VIEPart II. Nutrients, particulate organic matter, and planktonic and benthic production of the Tikehau Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia)& Charpy-Roubaud, C. J. Charpy, L. 1994Atoll Research Bulletin 07 415C 1-30D>Using Smart Source Parsing PART 2, pp English 00775630 ArticleBIOA199598136851Diffusional nutrient fluxes at the sediment-water interface and organic matter mineralization in an atoll lagoon (Tikehau, Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia)r:3Charpy-Roubaud, Claude Charpy, Loic Sarazin, Gerard$Marine Ecology Progress Series 1996 132 1-3181-190.|uFluxes of dissolved inorganic N, P and Si from the sediments were calculated using pore water gradient concentration measured using the peeper technique at 8 stations in the lagoon of Tikehau Atoll, French Polynesia. Nutrient concentrations of pore water reached maximum values of 130 mu-M NH-4,7 mu-M PO-4 and 30 mu-M SiO-2. Fluxes calculated from concentration gradients were positive at all stations. N and P fluxes represented 6 and 4% of the N and P deposition rates and between 0.1 and 6.8% of the N requirements and between 0.1 and 1.7% of the P requirements of lagoonal primary production. Study of geochemical processes and stoichiometry of the organic matter shows that a great part of deposited organic matter is oxidized in the water column. The amount of organic matter oxidized inside the sediment is estimated to 2.5 mg kg-1 in the upper centimeter and 5.2 mg kg-1 below. Pore water was supersaturated with respect to aragonite and calcite, and the kinetics of carbonate dissolution were faster than the reverse reaction. The dissolution/precipitation of carbonate plays an important role in the composition of the pore water.English 01718630 ArticleBIOA199699132466Recent cyanobacterial stromatolites in the lagoon of Tikehau atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia): Preliminary observations@9Charpy-Roubaud, C. Le Campion, T. Golubic, S. Sarazin, G.6/Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique (Monaco) 19990SPEC. ISSUE 19121-125.("English 03045722 Literature ReviewBACD200000071026Chauvet, C Kadiri-Jan, T 1999Assessment of an unexploited population of coconut crabs, Birgus latro (Linne, 1767) on Taiaro atoll (Tuamotu archipelago, French Polynesia) Coral Reefsp183297-299/ 0722-4028e 241WHB7Biotechnology-and-applied-microbiology; microbiology- microbial-mats; cyanobacteria-; bacterial-pigments; French-Polynesia-atolls; exopolymers- Solar-lake-sinai; mediterranean-salterns; fermentative-bacterium; sp-nov.; polysaccharides-; pigments-; photosynthesis-; cyanobacteria-; stromatolites-; massachusetts-V (UTSpiRapid data collection and assessment of the biology of Acanthurus nigrofuscus at Woleai Atoll, MicronesiaDalzell, P. Smith, A.  J.-Fish-Biol.s522)386-397o 199882Traditional community fishing methods commonly employed in the tropical Pacific were used to generate information on the fishery biology of Acanthurus nigrofuscus at Woleai Atoll, Micronesia, over a short time period. A simple depletion model was used to estimate the biomass of A. nigrofuscus at four back reef lagoon sites at Woleai, using two different fishing methods; spear fishing and drive-in-net fishing. The mean biomass and density of A. nigrofuscus on the lagoon reefs was 8000 g ha super(-1) and 183 fish ha super(-1) respectively, with a total estimated standing stock for the lagoon of 91 500 fish or a biomass of 4 times 0 t. The size frequencies of fish caught by spear fishing were biased towards larger sized individuals, while those from drive-in-net fishing were thought to be more representative of the true population size frequencies. Variation in the density and biomass of A. nigrofuscus at the four reef sites was thought to be due to the length of time between episodes of community fishing at each reef site. The sex ratio (male:female) of A. nigrofuscus was significantly different from unity (1:0 times 47) and males grew larger than females. Sexually mature fish were present in all size classes above the minimum capture length and spawning activity was greatest during the period of the full moon.Fishery-biology; Reef-fish; Lagoons-; Biological-sampling; Population-structure; Population-density; Sex-ratio; Spawning-seasons; Moon-phases; Stock-assessment; Caroline-I.; Acanthurus-nigrofuscus; ISEW,-Pacific,-Caroline-Is.,-Woleai-Atolle Dandonneau, Y. Charpy, L.  1985}An Empirical Approach to the Island Mass Effect in the South Tropical Pacific Based on Sea Surface Chlorophyll Concentrations<6Deep Sea Research Part A Oceanographic Research Papers326707-722BACD198580084731 1002The island mass effect is defined here as the relationship between sea surface chlorophyll concentration (SSCC) and distance to the nearest island (DNI), assuming that SSCC is an index of biomass in the entire photic layer and variable currents in this region in evenness of effects around islands. The study uses .apprx. 8500 SSCC randomly sampled by ships of opportunity in the tropical Pacific from 0.degree.-25.degree.S between 160.degree.E and 130.degree. W, and determination of DNI for each sample. At each place of the field, the mean SSCC value and the SSCC-DNI correlation and regression slope were computed using all SSCC-DNI pairs available at a distance of < 240 nmilies from that place. The highest mean SSCC values are near the equator and originate from upwelling; south of 20.degree.S, relatively high SSCC mean values are in the western part corresponding to winter enrichment. These large-scale climatic features give more variance than presence or absence of islands, biasing the SSCC-DNI correlation in transition zones; significantly negative correlations (i.e., SSCC increase when approaching islands) are found mainly in a large patch between 13.degree. and 20.degree.S, including Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, and Samona islands. Since these islands have rivers, and no closed lagoon, the island mass effect is supposed to result mostly from land drainage. Positive correlations for the Tuamotu Archipelago (low atolls) suggest that the dominant effect could be predation by the coral reef benthic communities. Involving opposite phenomena, island mass effects are weak in the south tropical Pacific and, on the average, SSCC generally does not increase by more than 10% in 40 milies.<6Using Smart Source Parsing pp ENGLISH 01980149 ArticleDelesalle, B. Colleagues 1985RKEnvironmental survey of Mataiva atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago French PolynesiaoAtoll Res. Bull. 286e 1-34 507iPBS Record: 6160HAphytoplankton/ atoll/ Pacific/ 14C/ primary production/ nutrientst EC234("Mataiva atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago Delesalle, B.: 1985HBProceedings of the fifth international coral reef congress, Tahiti1eolynesie-francaiseF?Using Smart Source Parsing 27-May-1-June-,--1:-French-Polynesian-coral-reefs-Cinquieme-congres-international-sur-les-recifs-coralliens,-Tahiti,-Polynesie-francaise,-27-mai-1er-juin-1985,---Recifs-coralliens-de-Delesalle,-B.-(ed.); Galzin,-R.-epsilon-d.; Salvat,-B.-(ed.) Moorea-French-Polynesia Antenne-Museum-EPHE 1985-Mataiva atoll, one of the 84 in French Polynesia, is a small coral island on the far west of the Tuamotu Archipelago. This-atoll occupies a particular place among the French Polynesian atolls since the discovery,beneath the lagoonal sediments, of deposits of phosphates, soon to be exploited. The aim of this guide is firstly to briefly state the extent of scientific knowledge of Mataiva atoll and then to describe the biological and geological particularities of the outer reef and the lagoon during a tenstops guide. Mataiva atoll is located 300 km north of Tahiti, 14 degree 55' latitude South and 148 degree 36' longitude West. It is the westernmost atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelago. This small atoll, 10 km by 5 km, is distinguishable by an unusual morphology : a wide atoll rim, almost continuous, allowing only restrained oceanic exchanges, and a reticulated lagoon divided into numerous basins by a network of slightly submerged partitions. The climate is not unlike that of Polynesia, i.e. tropical, hot and humid, with 2 seasons : one, dry and coal (24-27 degree C) from April to September, and the other, hot and rainy (28-30 degree C) from October to March. Since the atoll has little relief, the pluviometry rarely passes 2.5 m per year, although the duration of sunshine is high (2500 hours per year). Storms and cyclones are rare with the exception of 1983, when 3 cyclones hit Mataiva. Trade winds are dominant, blowing from the eanstern sector at an average speed of 7 to 10 m/s. The swell is generally less than 4m, coming mainly from the South. Fishing and copra are the two traditional means of support on the atolls of Tuamotu. The sea provides about 70% of the consumered proteins, mainly through fish, but also sea food (shells and crustaceans) collected along the reef, and turtles considered a great delicacy. Copra occupies a large majority of the population. The phosphate deposit extends approximatively 5 km2.cHydrology-; Benthos-; Geological-structures; Zooplankton-; Mollusca-; Corallium-spp; Crustacea-; ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-I.,-Mataiva-atoll.HG (F ^EvDCzhaConservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in the atoll reefs of the Nansha Islandsh Chen, Ruiqiu Li, Changrong 1996Studies On Marine Biodiversity Of The Nansha Islands And Neighbouring Waters. Nanshaqundao Jiqi Linjinhaiqu Haiyangshengwu Duoyangxing Yanjiu Beijing China China Ocean Pressi 51-59P$Using Smart Source Parsing ppI~Investigation and collection on the natural environmental conditions and bio-resources of coral reefs in Nansha Islands were carried out in 1994. By studying the natural environmental conditions, and the species composition and distribution of bioresources, we present a estimation on the natural protection, culture and enhanced culture, and the optimal yields of the bioresources.~xatolls-; species-diversity; environmental-conditions; living-resources; nature-conservation; ISEW,-Spratly-I.,-Nansha-I.PIChevalier, J.P. Denizot, M. Ricard, M. Salvat, B. Sournia, A. Vasseur, P.d,%Gomorphologie de l'atoll de TakapotodSocit des Ocanistes 9-14 937PBS Record: 7120 PGRN Chevillon, C. 1995~Texture, granulomtrie et composition bioclastique des sdiments actuels de l'atoll d'Ouva (Iles Loyaut, Nouvelle-Caldonie)d^Les fonds meubles des lagons de Nouvelle-Caldonie (Sdimentologie, benthos). Etudes et Thses2  7-43 1683PBS Record: 825030*Grain size/ skeletal/ sediment/ Uvea atoll EC68|uGrain size parameters and skeletal composition of modern sediments in the Uvea Atoll (Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia)- Chevillon, C.. 1996F?Soft Bottom Of The New Caledonian Lagoons Sedimentology,Benthosl2p ARIS-FRANCEiUsing Smart Source Parsing 2.-LES-FONDS-MEUBLES-DES-LAGONS-DE-NOUVELLE-CALEDONIE-SEDIMENTOLOGIE,-BENTHOS.-- Richer-De-Forges,-B.-eds. ORSTOM pp. 7-43 2-7099-1308-9tA sedimentological study of the superficial soft bottoms of the Uvea lagoon was undertaken. 59 sediment samples were collected according to a 2 nautical miles regular grid. These samples were taken by scuba-diving using a 400 cm super(3) hand-corer. The colour, the mud content, the carbonate content and the grain size parameters were analysed according to conventional sedimentological methods. In addition, the skeletal composition of each sample was examined by counting under binocular microscope. The Uvea lagoon can be considered as homogeneous sedimentary environment characterised by ultra-carbonated sedimentation. the mud content is low and has the particularity of presenting a zonation typical of coastal lagoons. Sediment layer is thin and hardgrounds are frequent. The sediment of lagoonal plain are made of slightly gravelly sands. Near passes and the barrier reef the sediment is made of rather gravelly sands whereas along the coastal strip slightly gravelly muddy sands are the most frequent. Grain size parameters show an environment with a low sedimentary productivity and characterised by homogeneous and moderate hydrodynamical control. Poorly sorted medium sands with nearly symetrical and mesokurtic grain size distributions make most of the lagoonal sediments. There is no important transfer of sedimentary material nor any active depositional areas. All the parameters studied indicate that the passes contributing the most to the lagoon/ocean exchanges are Meurthe, Taureau, Anemata and styx passes. Skeletal composition shows that the main contributors to the sediment are by decreasing order, the bivalves, the gastropods, the foraminiferas, the scleractinians and the Halimeda. Molluscs are by far the major contributor. Scleractinians have a very minor role in the constitution of the sediment. Five major biofacies are identified, these are the quantitative association of molluscs-foraminiferas, molluscs-calcareous algae, molluscs-scleractinians, scleractinians-molluscs and foraminiferas-molluscs. atoll-lagoons; sedimentology-; texture-; granulometry-; sediment-samples; sediment-composition; marine-molluscs; bottom-topography; ISEW,-Pacific,-New-Caledonia,-Loyalty-Is.,-Ouvea-AtollNHChiappini, R. Pointurier, F. Millies-Lacroix, J.C. Lepetit, G. Hemet, P. 1999Pu-240/Pu-239 isotopic ratios and Pu239+240 total measurements in surface and deep waters around Mururoa and Fangataufa atolls compared with Rangiroa atoll (French Polynesia)& Science of the Total Environment 238iSpecial Issue SI269-276i 0048-9697n 248JWorkOceanic waters/ Plutonium/ Isotopic ratios/ Mururoa/ Ocean/ Distributions/ Environment/ Plutonium/ Atlantic`YThe average values of (240)pU/ (239)pU mass isotopic ratios of plutonium deposited in Mururoa and Fangataufa atoll sediments by French atmospheric nuclear tests range from 3.5 to 5%. In order to assess the near field and far field influence of those deposits in the open ocean, two water profiles were measured for (239+240)pU and (PU)-P-240/ (239)pU using, for the first time, an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer which was developed to achieve femtogram detection limits. One site was located at the limit of the French territorial waters, which is 22 km distant from Mururoa. The second site was located close to Rangiroa atoll, at a distance of approximately 1200-km from French nuclear test sites. The sample volumes were approximately 500 litres and plutonium was purified prior to mass spectrometry and alpha spectrometry measurements. In Rangiroa, the (239+240)pU profile is comparable with those already determined in world open oceans but the maximum detected activity, 9 mBq/m(3) at 500-600 m is a lot lower than those measured in the northern hemisphere. (240)pU/ (239)pU ratios were measured between 500 and 1000 m and were not statistically different from the typical 0.18+/-0.01 ratio which characterises the global fallout. Consequently, any influence of plutonium from the tests in Mururoa and Fangataufa is not apparent at Rangiroa. The vertical distribution of 239+240pU near Mururoa shows similar changes with depth but with a slight increase in concentration. (240)pU/ (239)pU mass ratios vary with depth, from 7 to 10% in the upper 500 m and in the deep waters (below 1000 m) to 15-16% between 600 and 1000 m. A contribution from plutonium deposited in the sediments at Mururoa and Fangataufa is observed at the limit of territorial waters, especially in surface and deep waters. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 15]c(03) Chiappini R/CEA, Dept Anal & Surveillance Environm, Direct DAM Ile France/BP 12/F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel/France/ /CEA, Dept Anal & Surveillance Environm, Direct DAM Ile France/F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel/France (19) ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Environment/Ecology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental SciencesS Chinnaraj, S.t 1993>8Manglicolous Fungi from Atolls of Maldives, Indian Ocean(!Indian Journal of Marine Sciencest222t141-142t 0379-5136 LK002\PBS Record: 230Thirty nine species represented by 29 species of Ascomycetes, 2 of Basidiomycetes and 8 of Deuteromycetes were collected from partially submerged and submerged, dead and decayed parts of 5 mangrove species. The dominant species were Dactylospora haliotrepha, Lineolata rhizophorae, Lophiostoma mangrovei, Massarina thalassiae and Verruculina enalia. The maximum number of fungal species were recorded on Rhizophora mucronata.f`(03) S Chinnaraj/Natl Inst Oceanog/Div Biol Oceanog/Panaji 403004/Goa, India (42) English NoteML>I 0Technological innovations and multidisciplinary approaches for sustainable mariculture development for Pacific insular settings Clarke, R. P., 1996F@Proceedings Of The Pacon Conference On Sustainable Aquaculture '9590"Using Smart Source Parsing pIn an attempt to delineate the sociocultural consequences of marine resource development in remote insular Pacific settings, the potential for mariculture is explored using a multidisciplinary approach within a technological innovation model framework. Sponge mariculture acts as a proxy for the 'technological innovation' introduced in to the environment and culture of the outer atolls of Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia. A number of data sources review the biological, technical, and economic viability of sponge farming in the remote outer atoll setting of Yap. The social and cultural situation on Yap proper and the outer atolls, with special focus on Ulithi atoll, are presented using contemporary information and ethnographies from the 1950s through the 1980s. These information sources (social/cultural and economic/technical) are combined in an innovation model used by social scientists to focus discussions of variables related to intermediate technology programs. The model qualitatively reviews five attributes of change (in the development context): complexity, compatibility, advantage, trialability, and observability. Three methods of introduction of the innovation are also explored (indigenous, governmental, and entrepreneurial) employing a model on marine tenure systems to provide precision in the discussion of this fundamental subattribute. Results suggest actual farm establishment appears to fall within current cultural norms however, gender roles may be modified, with actual farm maintenance more culturally suited for females than males. Moreover, how traditional leaders view sponges as an exploitable resource may bear heavily on the potential for outside investment and access to requisite technology. Despite apparent abundance of seed stock and a marine tenure system conducive to exclusive use, several social factors may preclude private or indigenous investment. Mariculture extension and support resources are needed during initial grow out to ensure success but complete government subsidization appears to be a suboptimal option. The social model employed here, while in need of refinement, can be of use for a variety of economic development scenarios.haaquaculture-techniques; marine-aquaculture; social-aspects; fish-culture; aquaculture-development>8Coral bleaching on Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific Ocean.(Cohen, A. L. Lobel, P. S. Tomasky, G. L.D=Biological-Bulletin,-Marine-Biological-Laboratory,-Woods-Holet 193o2c276-279, 1997On 10 September 1996, extensive coral bleaching was noted on Johnston Atoll (JA), an isolated coral reef ecosystem in the central Pacific Ocean (16 degree N, 169 degree W). Between September 1996 and March 1997 we monitored the nature and extent of the bleaching, as well as the anomalous conditions of ocean temperature. Coral "bleaching," or the loss of zooxanthellae and their photosynthetic pigments, is one of the first visible signs of thermal stress. The association between mass reef bleaching, and subsequent coral mortality, with elevated ocean temperatures is of concern in light of predicted global temperature increases over the next century. Mass bleaching is most often associated with anomalous ocean temperatures during the warmest month of the year. A temperature increase of 1 degree -2 degree C above the historical mean summer maximum is considered necessary to induce coral bleaching in tropical and subtropical environments.Temperature-effects; Biological-stress; Coral-reefs; Zooxanthellae-; Photosynthetic-pigments; Climatic-changes; Ecosystem-disturbance; ISE,-Pacific,-Johnston-Is.,%Cole, J.E. Fairbanks, R.G. Shen, G.T.A 1993b[Recent Variability in the Southern Oscillation - Isotopic Results from a Tarawa Atoll Coral\Sciencel 260p 5115 1790-1793 0036-8075 957PBS Record: 210JCEQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN/ EL-NINO/ TROPICAL PACIFIC/ EVENTS/ TRENDSIn the western tropical Pacific, the interannual migration of the Indonesian Low convective system causes changes in rainfall that dominate the regional signature of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. A 96-year oxygen isotope record from a Tarawa Atoll coral (1-degrees-N, 172-degrees-E) reflects regional convective activity through rainfall-induced salinity changes. This monthly resolution record spans twice the length of the local climatological record and provides a history of ENSO variability comparable in quality with those derived from instrumental climate data. Comparison of this coral record with a historical chronology of El Nino events indicates that climate anomalies in coastal South America are occasionally decoupled from Pacific-wide ENSO extremes. Spectral analysis suggests that the distribution of variance in this record has shifted among annual to interannual periods during the present century, concurrent with observed changes in the strength of the Southern Oscillation.ojc(03) JE Cole/Univ Colorado/Inst Arctic & Alpine Res/CB 450/Boulder, CO 80309 (42) English ArticlecR,Q  P 2001 TY - JOURtmProgress in pathological characterization of Syndrome 85 in the black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritiferaAquatic Living Resources143195-2020 2001/0NGComps, Michel Herbaut, Christian Fougerouse, Angelique Laporte, Florentaf_http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VRH-43CBGWC-7/1/2eb6676188789e1b9d0c8e602dcc98f3oA programme of zoosanitary survey of the populations of black-lip pearl oyster (P. margaritifera) has been developed in French Polynesia during 1996 and 1997. Based on histological and ultrastructural examinations, the study of pearl oysters sampled in several pearl farms from the Society Islands, Tuamotu Atolls and Gambier Archipelago, has been particularly turned to enzootic pathological problems. Particular attention has been given to the shell disease and to the necrosis of the adductor muscle, symptoms that had accompanied the mass mortality in 1985.Virus-like particles, about 40 nm in diameter, were detected in membrane bound vesicles from the necrosized muscle tissue. A new Rickettsia-like organism found in epithelial cells of the digestive tubules was described, while parasites previously reported, such as cestodes and gregarines, were recognized in some animals. Apart from the pathology, a thorough study of 'parasite-like bodies' discovered in the pearl sack epithelium showed dysfunction in the periostracal secretion.xrCreasy, WR Brickhouse, MD Morrissey, KM Stuff, JR Cheicante, RL Ruth, J Mays, J Williams, BR O'Connor, R Durst, HD 1999Analysis of chemical weapons decontamination waste from old ton containers from Johnston Atoll using multiple analytical methods("Environmental Science & Technology3313 2157-2162 0013-936X 213RDGas-chromatographic determination/ Hydrolysis products/ Warfare agents/ Degradation products/ Mass-spectrometry/ Samples/ Soil/ MustardrDecontamination waste from chemical weapons (CW) agents has been stored in ton containers on Johnston Atoll since 1971. The waste was recently sampled and analyzed to determine its,chemical composition in preparation for disposal. Due to the range of products and analytical requirements, multiple chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were necessary, including gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS), gas chromatography/ atomic emission detection (GC/AED), liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (LC/MS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The samples were screened for residual agents. No residual sarin (GB) or VX was found to detection limits of 20 ng/mL, but 3% of the samples contained residual sulfur mustard (HD) at <140 ng/mL Decontamination products of agents were identified. The majority (74%) of the ton containers were documented correctly, in that the observed decontamination products were in agreement with the labeled agent type, but for a number of the containers, the contents were not in agreement with the labels. in addition, arsenic compounds that are decontamination products of the agent lewisite (L) were observed in a few ton containers, suggesting that lewisite was originally present but not documented. This study was a prototype to demonstrate the level of effort required to characterize old hulk CW-related waste. [References: 18]h(03) Creasy WR/EAI Corp/1308 Continental Dr/Abingdon, MD 21009/USA/ /EAI Corp/Abingdon, MD 21009/USA/ /Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate/Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010/USA (19) AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Current Contents(R)/Engineering, Computing & Technology/Article/English/Environment/Ecology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences ^XCommercial sponge survey in Kiribati and sponge farming development in the South Pacific Croft, R. A. 1995 Suva Fiji FAOe1860Using Smart Source Parsing pp Includes two maps.\UA new aquaculture industry, culturing commercial bath sponges, is getting underway in Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia. A survey for wild commercial sponge stocks in Kiribati was undertaken in late 1995; Tarawa atoll and 3 other, near-by atolls were surveyed. While a number of non-commercial sponges were observed in all of the lagoons surveyed, only one atoll had some sponges which might have some commercial value. However, it is pointed out that Kiribati comprises more than 30 atolls; while the 4 atolls surveyed were all near Tarawa there are other atolls a great distance away that may be very different from those observed. Thus the findings at the surveyed atolls in no way indicates what may or may not be found within other atolls in Kiribati. At this point in time it will be up to the Kiribati government to continue the survey work. As noted above, several Fisheries employees assisted the author with all survey work, and they were to observe, first hand, where to look, and what to look for. They were also shown how to clean any sponges collected. The FAO South Pacific Aquaculture Development Project -- Phase 11 (SPADP) funding this survey work, agreed to support one Fisheries employee travelling to Pohnpei to observe the work being undertaken there. While in Pohnpei he observed wild sponges and how to collect them. He also observed several established commercial sponge farms and he was able to participate with sponge planting activities. Upon the completion of all work connected with this survey, there will be a well trained nucleus of personnel in Kiribati that should be able to continue making surveys for possible commercial sponges in the rest of the country. In the body of this report, the author makes several recommendations: 1) Continue to investigate the possibility of establishing a commercial sponge aquaculture/export industry; 2) Continue to expand the production of Eucheuma seaweed and investigate the potential of other commercial seaweeds; and, 3) Investigate the possibility of introducing trochus and/or other marine snails to the outer reefs of the atolls in Kiribati.jcSponge-culture; Aquaculture-development; Aquaculture-techniques; Porifera-; ISEW,-Pacific,-KiribativoTriangulynes A-H and triangulynic acid, new cytotoxic polyacetylenes from the marine sponge Pellina triangulataPJDai, Jin-Rui Hallock, Y. F. Cardellina, J. H., III Gray, G. N. Boyd, M. R. J.-Nat.-Prod.a599t860-865  1996.(Nine new polyacetylenes, triangulynes A-H (1-8) and triangulynic acid (9), have been isolated from the marine sponge Pellina triangulata. (Oceanapiidae) through cytotoxicity-guided fractionation. Structural elucidations and stereochemistry assignments were based on chemical and spectral studies.sponges-; metabolites-; chemical-analysis; molecular-structure; aquatic-drugs; pharmacology-; Pellina-triangulata; triangulenes-; triangulynic-acid; Caroline-I.; Pellina-triangulata; Porifera-; ISEW,-Pacific,-Caroline-Is.,-Truk-Is.,-Kuop-Atollo`_^h]F\[Luxton DM Luxton PMn\UDevelopment of commercial Kappaphycus production in the Line Islands, Central PacificE Hydrobiologia7 1999 399S477-486O 0018-8158O(03) Luxton DM/D Luxton & Associates Ltd/70 Hamurana Rd/Tauranga/New Zealand/ /D Luxton & Associates Ltd/Tauranga/New Zealand (19) KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciencesv Kappaphycus alvarezii (basionym Eucheuma alvarezii) was introduced to the Line Island atolls of Kiritimati (Christmas Is.) and Tabuaeran (Fanning Is.) in 1994 as an outer-island development programme in the Republic of Kiribati. Farming sites were selected, and commercial production commenced in September 1994. Production increased to 850 t y(-1) dry weight in two years, and by 1997 over 420 people were receiving income from seaweed. On Tabuaeran seaweed has now replaced copra as the main source of income for over 70% of all households. The new seaweed-based economy has also ensured the success of the resettlement policy of the Kiribati Government. Continuous monitoring of all suppliers has revealed net incomes for a family unit as high as AUS$ 4687 per annum from a farmed area of 900-1000 m(2). On Kiritimati, a small lagoon sand-flat of 6 hectares has been developed providing income for over 100 households producing 350 t y(-1). Women are not only actively involved in, but are frequently the main beneficiaries of, production. The Line Islands production has been significant in raising the total Kiribati harvest to over 1200 t y(-1) providing an important source of export earnings. The creation of a monopolistic industry and the implementation of a single-desk marketing strategy have made the development economically sustainable and competitive with S.E. Asia. The development represents a model for other isolated atoll communities in the Pacific Ocean where the economy is currently based on copra. [References: 17]w 237VH RKKappaphycus/ Seaweed production/ Socio-economics/ Kiribati/ Pacific islandsi4-Algal flora of freshwater habitats on Aldabral"Donaldson, A. Whitton, B. A. 1978Atoll Res. Bull. 215g 1-18 Using Smart Source ParsingAn account is given of the algal flora of freshwater habitats on Aldabra, together with ecological notes for each species. The distribution of these species in 20 pools chosen for more detailed study is summarized. Based on their occurrence within these 20 pools, the most widespread species are: Lyngbya sp, 1 -mu-m (20); Calothrix parietina (15); Phormidium mucicola (15); Lyngbya nordgardhii (14); Oscillatoria pseudogeminata (14); Phacus orbicularis (13).i@9check-lists; aquatic-plants; Aldabra-Atoll,-Inland-Watersn"Aquaculture of bluefin tuna1 Doumenge, F.Biol.-Mar.-Mediterr.3 1A258-288CIncludes three maps. 1996ZTThe lack of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) sashimi for the Japanese market opened the way for scientific research and technology development in aquaculture as a substitute to declining fisheries. Grow-out of giant Atlantic bluefin tunas fattening was a successful enterprise in St. Margaret's Bay (Nova Scotia, Canada) during 1976-1978, although it was stopped as a consequence of fish disappearance following changing summer migratory paths. Since 1990 a successful cage raising program for young Austral bluefins is under way at Port Lincoln Bay (South Australia). Marketing is now at the scale of viability, with 2 500 t shipped in 1994-1995. Since 1970, the Japanese have launched many scientific research programs to control the reproductive cycle of the North Pacific bluefin tuna. Large breeding stocks constituted between 1987-1992 now allow the mass production of postlarvae and fingerlings. It will be possible in the near future to develop a large-scale cage aquaculture for bluefin tunas. The areas with the best potential are probably situated within the Central and South Pacific atoll lagoons.ZTTuna-fisheries; Fish-culture; Cage-culture; Aquaculture-development; Thunnus-thynnusvoThe biology and physiology of alga-invertebrate symbioses. I. Carbon fixation in Cassiopea sp. at Aldabra Atoll  Drew, E. A.oJ.-Exp.-Mar.-Biol.-Ecol.9,1O 65-69d 1972"The populations of Cassiopea sp. found in marine pools on Aldabra Atoll, Indian Ocean are described. The results of measurements of the photosynthetic rate of their symbiotic algae are interpreted to indicate a considerable accretion of carbon within the symbiotic system as a whole. xqSymbionts-; Marine-organisms; Carbon-fixation; Carbon-cycle; Energy-flow; Interspecific-relationships; Cassiopea-t^XHydrothermal alteration mechanisms of volcanic rocks at Mururoa Atoll (French Polynesia)JDDudoignon, P. Destrigneville, C. Gachon, A. Buigues, D. Ledesert, B.B;C.-R.-Acad.-Sci.-Ser.-2-Mec.-Phys.-Chim.-Sci.-Terre-Univers  314h10 1043-1049c 1992& Isotopic analyses ( delta super(18)O, delta D) carried out on bulk altered rock samples forming the volcanic pile of Mururoa Atoll give crystallisation temperatures of saponites between 80 and 100 degree C in submarine lava flows for sea-water/rock ratio of 5 to 1/4 and around 70 degree C in aerial lava flows for meteoric water/rock ratio of 4 to 1/8. The delta super(18)O and delta super(13)C of calcites indicate the magmatic origin of carbon in intrusion zones and crystallisation temperatures of 160 to 100 degree C at around 950 m depth.Hydrothermal-alteration; Volcanic-rocks; Saponite-; Lava-flows; Calcite-; Petrology-; French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Mururoa-AtollStable isotopes in fish otoliths discriminate between lagoonal and oceanic residents of Taiaro Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia)(!Dufour, V. Pierre, C. Rancher, J.o Coral-Reefsn171c 23-28m 1998The fully enclosed Taiaro lagoon is hypersaline (42.5 psu) and non-tidal; constant salinity and water level result from strong evaporation balanced by low percolation through the lagoon floor. Seawater can flow over the atoll rim during exceptionally high seas and may then replenish lagoonal communities with propagules of oceanic origin. The distinctive water chemistry of the lagoon suggests a possible way of identifying these immigrants. We established this potential by analysing stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in the recent growth layers of otoliths of two adult reef fishes, Chaetodon ulietensis and Acanthurus triostegus, collected from both sides of the atoll rim. Fish from the two locations were discriminated by their isotopic signatures, suggesting that analysis of the microchemical signatures deposited during the larval development could be used in future work to determine which individuals and species complete their life-cycles in this unusual lagoon.Coral-reefs; Otoliths-; Atoll-lagoons; Chemical-composition; Reef-fish; Life-cycle; Larval-development; Chaetodon-ulietensis; Acanthurus-triostegus; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Taiaro-Atoll||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||}}}}} } } }} }}}}} }}"}!}$}#}&}%}(}2}5}R}U}T}W}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}~~  <??B{~}€ĀÀƀ#&%('*),+.y|‚тԂӂւՂ؂ "   NQن܆  "%*--069EHILK\RUTWVYX[Z]\_^aadilknwzy|{~}هڇ   ^aϊ!$l}rqutxw{z~}bNa Dufour, P. Berland, B. 1999Nutrient control of phytoplanktonic biomass in atoll lagoons and Pacific ocean waters: Studies with factorial enrichment bioassaysJ Exp Mar Biol EcolE 0*PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands Elsevier Science Bv 2342147-16682Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 0022-0981atoll; factorial bioassays; nutrients control; Pacific; phytoplankton; NITROGEN LIMITATION; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHOSPHORUS; GROWTH; SYNECHOCOCCUS; TEMPERATURE; ARCHIPELAGO; CHLOROPHYLL; RESPONSES  Although the atolls of the Tuamotu archipelago (Central South Pacific) are located in an oligotrophic oceanic area, some of their lagoons have experienced exceptionally harmful phytoplanktonic blooms in the last 30 years. Twenty-four differential enrichment bioassays were conducted on 10 atoll lagoons and 5 ocean sites at two different times of the year in order to determine, among other factors, which nutrients may control phytoplanktonic crop. Complete factorial (2(3)) design with N, P and Si and fractional factorial (2(8-3)) design with N, P, Si, chelator, Fe, Mo, Mn and vitamins were performed. In vivo fluorescence (IVF) was used to follow the growth of phytoplankton. Although this method is imperfect, we argue that the large increases in fluorescence, observed in response to some spikes, indicate biomass shifts. Nitrogen, phosphorus and sometimes silicate effects were significant. The nitrogen effect was greatest in 17 out of 24 samples. In the smallest lagoon, the phosphorus effect was higher than the nitrogen effect. In the six other samples N and P effects were similar. Silicate spikes resulted in a significant effect for only seven samples. Vitamins, Mo, Mn, iron and chelators had little or no effect. In 20 bioassays there was also a synergistic effect when N and P were added simultaneously. This synergistic effect was present in five bioassays when N, P, and Si were added simultaneously. The season or origin (lagoon or ocean) had little influence on these effects. On average fluorescence attained by samples supplemented with N alone was six times that of controls (unspiked). The highest responses were observed with combined N + P or N + P + Si spikes. Combined N + P fertilization produced an in vivo fluorescence ranging from 5 to 85 times the fluorescence attained by controls. This synergy is consistent with the view that both N and P are in relatively short supply. Ocean waters appeared to be nitrogen depleted. Phosphorus limitation increased in small lagoons with low advective ocean waters and a large ratio of immersed surfaces to water volume. Atoll lagoons and ocean waters from the Tuamotu archipelago appear to be highly susceptible to eutrophication with the addition of both nitrogen and phosphorus. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.b[Article Dufour P, ORSTOM, Stn Marine Endoume, Rue Batterie Lions, F-13007 Marseille, FRANCE EC1285-290 2+Dufour, P. Charpy, L. Bonnet, S. Garcia, N.SngPhytoplankton nutrient control in the oligotrophic South Pacific subtropical gyre (Tuamotu Archipelago)phytoplankton; nutrient control; South Pacific; central gyre; oligotrophy SILICIC-ACID UPTAKE; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; ATOLL LAGOONS; SARGASSO SEA; GROWTH; LIMITATION; KINETICS; OCEAN; NITROGEN; BIOMASSXRThe identification of the nutrients Likely to limit phytoplankton in the Tuamotu Archipelago ocean (South Pacific subtropical gyre) is deduced from DIN (NO3- + NO2- + + NH4+), PO4++, and SiO2 in situ concentrations and strengthened by the results of 4 other studies on the same area: (1) diameter(max), the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis, (2) phytoplankton cell size, (3) nutrient enrichment on natural populations, (4) bacterial biomass and nutrient Limitation of bacteria. The low diameter(max) and the small size of phytoplankton support the idea of nutrient control. Low DIN concentrations (mean = 0.02 mu M), low average DIN:P-PO4++ ratios = 0.3 at:at, low average DIN:SiO2 = 0.04 at:at, and significant increases of phytoplankton standing stock and bacterial production after N enrichments point to N as the main limiting nutrient. P is the second Limiting nutrient as evidenced by the relative low phosphate concentrations (0.2 mu M) and by the synergetic effect of DIN + PO4++ enrichments. Silicon concentrations appear to limit the proliferation of siliceous taxa as evidenced from its average concentration of 1 mu M and from the scarcity of diatoms. Natural concentrations of vitamins, Mo, Mn, Fe and chelators are sufficient to support the increase of phytoplankton standing stock induced by N and P additions and therefore are not limiting.$Marine Ecology-Progress Series("Article English MAR ECOL-PROGR SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.r 1999 179ied6/Dufour, P. Andrefouet, S. Charpy, L. Garcia, N.  200181Atoll morphometry controls lagoon nutrient regime\ Limnology and Oceanography462.456-461S 0024-3590& 0001678199-0027See Contents-Page4.Agriculture-Biology-and-Environmental-SciencesFrench polynesia; tuamotu archipelago; organic matter; pacific ocean; productivity ; limitation ; biomass ; phosphorus ; nitrateVPNutrient control of phytoplankton was studied in 12 atoll lagoons of contrasting morphology in the Tuamotu Archipelago in the South Pacific. In large lagoons and in small lagoons well open to the ocean, N limitation was indicated by dissolved inorganic N (DIN, NO3- + NO2- + NH4+) < 0.5 M, by DIN/P-PO4 ratios < 3 atom atom(-1), and by increased phytoplankton and bacterioplankton productivity after N enrichment. This trend shifts to P limitation for shallow, enclosed lagoons. N or P limitations are empirically predictable and explainable according to atoll-scale morphometric factors.INRA, Inst Rech Dev, Stn Hydrobiol Lacustre, F 74203 Thonen Les Bains, France; Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA; Ctr Oceanol Marseille, Inst Rech Dev, F 13007 Marseille, France; Univ Luminy, Ctr Oceanol Marseille, CNRS, F 13009 Marseille, FranceC'piDufour, P; INRA; Inst Rech Dev; 75 Ave Corzent; F-74203 Thonen Les Bains; France Dufour, P: dufour@ird.frPenetration of solar UVB radiation in shallow tropical waters and its potential biological effects on coral reefs; results from the central Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea Dunne, R. P. Brown, B. E.Mar.-Ecol.-Prog.-Ser.B 144s 1-3-109-118- 1996tmThis paper presents the first complete data of global downwelling irradiance (Ed)and the diffuse attenuation coefficient (K)for solar ultraviolet-B (UVB; 280 to 320 nm) in tropical waters. The penetration of solar UVB into shallow (0 to 5 m) seawater at 3 sites in the central Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea, adjacent to areas of coral reefs, was studied using a semi-submersible scanning spectroradiometer. Downwelling global spectral irradiance (E)was measured at 2 nm intervals over the wavebands 280-320 nm (UVB), 320-400 nm (UVA) and 400-700 nm (PAR) above the sea surface (0+ ) and at each of 5 depths (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m). The 3 sites consisted of an ocean atoll in the Maldives (central Indian Ocean), a small (8 km2)high island 11 km off the continental coastline at Phuket, Thailand (Andaman Sea), and an inshore reef at Phuket. E t each of the depths was integrated over the wavebands as a percentage of the above-water irradiance. E(VB) at 5 m depth was found to decrease to 12% of incident irradiance at the mid-ocean atoll, to 2% for the high island site, and to 0.4% in the turbid waters of the inshore reef. A 1% E(VB) depth was computed for each site and found to be 11, 6, and 3 m respectively. The diffuse attenuation for downwelling irradiance (K)for the depth range 0- (just below the surface) to 5 m showed a very rapid attenuation with decreasing wavelength in the UVB at all sites. Biological damage potential, as weighted by the DNA-damage action spectrum, showed a more rapid attenuation with depth than E(VB), with a 1% EDNA epth of 9 m for the ocean atoll, 4.7 m for the coastal island, and 2.6 m for the inshore reef.-*$wavelength-; biological-damage; DNA-kjihgxfvpAggregation behavior of the grey reef shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhnchos, at Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific Ocean$Economakis, A. E. Lobel, P. S.Environ-Biol-Fishe512129-139 1998Free-ranging female grey reef sharks, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos were observed forming daily aggregations offshore Sand Island, Johnston Atoll between March and late May from 1992 to 1995. Daily water temperatures were recorded at the aggregation area from 1993 to 1995. The annual aggregation cycle did not coincide with maximum or minimum annual water temperatures. During the 1994 aggregation, temperatures were recorded at least every hour at 7 sites in the Atoll. The sharks aggregated most frequently and in highest numbers at the largest and shallowest site, which also contained the fewest underwater structures. The water temperature at this site was 1-2 degree C warmer than at neighboring sites and at a reef channel between the lagoon and the open ocean. The pattern of movement of sharks to and from the aggregation area was correlated with daily fluctuations of water temperature (r=0.38; p<0.001), tide (r=0.30; p<0.001) and light level (r=0.21; p<0.001) after adjustment for autocorrelated errors. The daily maximum number of aggregating sharks coincided with the daily maximum water temperature. However, the number of aggregating sharks did not necessarily increase during days of higher water temperature. During the 2994 aggregation period, four sharks were fed ultrasonic telemetry tags, and telemetry stations were deployed at three sites within the aggregation area. Individual sharks were tracked returning to the aggregation area for durations of one to five days. The end of detection of tagged sharks is thought to be due to the regurgitation of the indigestible tags, rather than the sharks permanent departure from the aggregating area. Sharks aggregated only during the day; none of the tagged sharks were recorded and no sharks were ever seen at the aggregation area during night time.Organism-aggregations; Behaviour-; Reef-fish; Marine-fish; Habitat-; Migrations-; Reproduction-; Reproductive-behaviour; Carcharhinus-amblyrhynchos; I,-Johnston-Atoll4-Natural history of Bramble Cay, Torres StraitLEllison, J. C. 1998.(Atoll Research Bulletin [Atoll Res Bull] 450t 458s&Using Smart Source Parsing 35pplBramble Cay, a small (3.6 ha) vegetated sand cay, is the most northern island of the Great Barrier Reef and the closest to the mouth of the Fly River. It has both volcanic rock and a reefal sand cay within its lagoon, and phosphatic rock exposures on the cay. The sand cay is the most important location for both seabird and turtle breeding in the Torres Strait and supports an endemic mammal, the rat Melomys rubicola. Records indicate that numbers of birds and rats have declined over the last century, possibly due to erosion and loss of vegetated area of the cay. The vegetation of the cay, made up of three herbs, is heavily disturbed by nesting activities. There is, however, a large and diverse drift flora, that is dominated by mangrove propagules exported from the Fly, that has no overlap with the cay's flora. Bramble Cay has a significant human history both from European exploration of the New Guinea coast, and from being the entrance marker to the Great North East Channel through the Torres Strait.Islands-; Endemic-species; Long-term-changes; Nesting-; Marine-birds; Vegetation-cover; Erosion-; Melomys-rubicola; Cheloniidae-; ISEW,-Australia,-Queensland,-Torres-Strait,-Bramble-CayXQSome bathymetric and geotectonic features of the eastern part of the Indian OceansFairbridge, R. W.dDeep-Sea-Research 2 3a161-171 1955& Tectonic relations of the mainland of Western Australia are reflected seawards by the topography of both continental shelf and adjacent deep ocean floor respectively. The basic pattern of the mainland is controlled by the early Pre-Cambrian "grain" (fracture and folding trends). The continental shelf is narrow and rocky where these ancient orogenic lines cross it, and they appear to continue oceanwards in elevations of the deep-sea floor. On the other hand, the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic-Tertiary basins (paraliageosynclines) of the mainland (up to 20,000 feet deep) are matched on the shelf by wide sandy, and atoll-rimmed embayments; and seawards again by oceanic basins approaching 3,000 fathoms in depth. Crustal character of the main eastern Indian Ocean suggests a thalasso-craton (here defined as primary oceanic crust), but these marginal intermediate ridges and basins suggests a common evolution with the continent. Formal names have been given to sectors of the West Australian shelf and the deep-sea floor in the eastern part of the Indian Ocean.Oceanic-crust; Continental-shelves; Ocean-floor; Tectonics-; Bottom-topography; Submarine-features; Topographic-features; Bathymetric-data; ISW,-Australia,-Western-Australia; ISW,-Indian-Ocean 2931Falkowski, P. G. 1997& LIMITATION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON`ZFalkowski PG, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Biophys & Mol Biol Program, Upton,NY 11973 USA81Photosynthesis: The paradox carbon dioxide effluxLCurrent BiologyeCurrent Biologyp7n10 R637-R639 `ZThe discovery that photosynthetic marine cyanobacteria can actually leak CO2 has been predicted from theory but, until now, never experimentally demonstrated. The apparent paradox can be explained by known chemistry and biochemistry, but the phenomenon may have important implications for paleoclimatology. (C) Current Biology Ltd ISSN 0960-9822."Ferrier-Pags, C. Furla, P.e 2001hbPico- and nanoplankton biomass and production in the two largest atoll lagoons of French PolynesiaMar Ecol Prog Ser} 211u 63-76LFAtoll lagoon; Picoplankton; Nanoplankton; Growth; Nutrient limitationzPico- and nanoplankton concentrations were measured in the lagoonal waters of the 2 largest atolls of French Polynesia (Fakarava and Rangiroa). Growth, production and grazing rates were estimated using diffusion chambers near the reef flat spillways and near the main channels of the atolls. The overall microbial biomass was dominated by picoplankton, with very high abundances of bacteria and cyanobacteria, these 2 groups representing each 20 to 50% of the total carbon. Nanoplankton (auto- and heterotrophic flagellates) constituted only 10 to 15% of the total biomass. Microbial concentrations were 1.5 to 3-fold lower near the reef flat spillways than near the channels. This suggests an important biomass production inside the lagoon. At Rangiroa, growth rates varied from 0.02 to 0.06 h-1 for bacteria and from 0.01 to 0.04 h-1 for the other groups (cyanobacteria, auto- and heterotrophic flagellates). At Fakarava, growth rates were in the same range except for the heterotrophic flagellates (0.05 to 0.17 h-1). Growth rates were significantly higher near the reef flat spillways than near the channels. More than 50% of both bacterial and cyanobacterial production was grazed by the higher trophic levels in both atolls. Bacterial production was enhanced by a nitrogen enrichment whereas production of cyanobacteria and flagellates was enhanced by both a nitrogen and a phosphorus enrichment. P404PBS Record: 4440m Fielder, P.C..XRSeasonal Climatologies and Variability of Eastern Tropical Pacific Surface Waters.NOAA Techn. Report NMFS 1992 109 1-65 308 (Wk0-ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Mururoa-Atoll83ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Society-Is.,-Tahiti@8Using Smart Source Parsing pp Incl. bibliogr.: 199 refs.  Tahiti Island is amongst tropical ecosystems subject to increasing anthropisation. Although of cultural and economical importance to human populations, the reef complex is quite poorly known, especially when dealing with soft bottom substrata. This study aims, on the one hand to identify taxa of benthic communities in lagoon sediments and to describe the community structure, on the other hand, to highlight functioning patterns, including effects due to anthropic disturbances. Comparison with either environmental variables of sediments (essentially organic matter rates, grain size and pelitic fraction, chlorophyll a and phaeopigments rates) or variables related to the macrobenthos (taxonomic richness S, abundance A, biomass B and trophic type) leads to identification of the nature and the intensity of disturbances. Channels in lagoon ecosystems appear to be setting areas where disturbance impacts are pronounced: deposit feeder populations exhibit a clear dominance. Fringing reef areas bring further information. At least, areas related to the barrier reef do not fit to assess disturbances such as they arise over Tahitian lagoons. S, A, B variables and trophic structure are influenced by increasing anthropic disturbances, wich affect the system as organic and inorganic (pelitic fraction) particles. The defined variables reveal succession of opposite effects at the community level. First, with food limitation release -- as food disponibility has proved to be restricted in non disturbed areas -- the values of S, A, and B similarly increase, the trophic structure becomes complex. Steady anthropic stress induces particulate overload that reduces S, A, B values and simplify trophic structure with facilitation for deposit feeding organisms. Conclusions about the ecosystem dynamics give more influence to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. These results for tropical area show some similarities with those given by the functioning models for disturbed temperate areas (Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978). Polychaetes and, to a lesser extent, molluscs are good indicators for disturbances in coastal systems. The Dasybranchus sp.1 (Polychaeta: Capitellidae) should be used as indicator species for anthropic perturbations. A diagnosis tool used for assessment of the state of health in lagoon ecosystems is derived from understanding of functioning patterns. The assessment is principally based on indices relating Chaetopterid and Capitellid presence in channels and fringing reefs. In conclusion, lagoons of Tahiti island appear to be disturbed, either by natural impacts due to terrigenous inputs or by anthropic effects mainly as various particulate inputs. In the harbour of Papeete, disturbance is strong but bioturbation by decapods activity presents setting up of extreme stages of eutrophication.ecosystem-disturbance; zoobenthos-; atoll-lagoons; anthropogenic-factors; man-induced-effects; terrigenous-sediments; coral-reefs; species-diversity; taxonomy-; indicator-species; Polychaeta-; Capitellidae-; Dasybranchus-; ISE,-Pacific,-French-PolynesiavuDtpsrqppjCharacteristics of the various physical oceanographic environment in the atoll reefs of the Nansha Islands Fu, Zilang 1994Studies On Marine Biodiversity Of The Nansha Islands And Neighbouring Waters. Nanshaqundao Jiqi Linjinhaiqu Haiyangshengwu Duoyangxing Yanjiu Beijing China China Ocean Pressa 1-11$Using Smart Source Parsing ppPBased on some measured data of the two cruises to the Nansha Islands by The Multidisciplinary Oceanographic Expedition Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1993 and 1994, the meteorological factors, temperature, salinity and some other marine dynamic factors in the atoll reefs of the Nansha Islands are analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, the atoll reefs can be classified as 6 according to the different influences of the physical oceanographic factors.~watolls-; meteorological-observations; water-temperature; salinity-; dynamical-oceanography; ISEW,-Spratly-I.,-Nansha-I.XRMakaluvic acids A and B: Novel alkaloids from the marine sponge Zyzzya fuliginosus\VFu, Xiong Ng, Pei-Ling Schmitz, F. J. Hossain, M. B. Van-der-Helm, D. Kelly-Borges, M. J.-Nat.-Prod. 5911 1104-1106r 1996Two new substituted pyrrolecarboxylic acids, makaluvic acids A and B, were isolated from the sponge Zyzzya fuliginosus, which was collected in Chuuk Atoll, Federated States of Micronesia. The known alkaloids 3,7-dimethylisoguanine and makaluvamines A, E, and K were also isolated.Zyzzya-fuliginosus; alkaloids-; metabolites-; molecular-structure; ISEW,-Pacific,-Caroline-Is.,-Chuuk-Atoll; Porifera-; marine-invertebrates; sponges-; antitumor-agents; Caroline-I.; makaluvic-acids$Fu, X. Schmitz, F.J. Kelly, M. 1999^XSwinholides and new acetylenic compounds from an undescribed species of Theonella sponge"Journal of Natural Products 6290 1336-1338 0163-3864 241YEMarine natural-products/ Cytotoxic dimeric macrolide/ Absolute stereostructure/ Xestospongia sp/ Misakinolide-a/ Genus petrosia/ Swinhoei/ Acid/ Polyacetylenes/ Metabolitesb[Four new acetylenic compounds, 5-8, along with four known ones, 1-4, were isolated from a sponge, Theonella sp., collected in Chuuk Atoll, Federated States of Micronesia. Three unrelated swinholide-type compounds were also isolated. The structures of the new acetylenes were determined from spectral data and chemical degradation. [References: 25]u(03) Schmitz FJ/Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem/Norman, OK 73019/USA/ /Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem/Norman, OK 73019/USA/ /Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res/Auckland/New Zealand (19) AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences/Article/English/Agricultural Chemistry in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciencesb[A new Hexagonalia (Brachyura, Xanthoidea, Trapeziidae), obligate commensal on StylasteridaeD Galil, B. S. Zoosystema19 2-3U449-452- 1997A new species of Hexagonalia Galil, 1986 is described from Tikehau atoll, south-west Pacific. It is illustrated and compared with its only congener, H.brucei (Serene,1973).xqTaxonomy-; New-species; Hexagonalia-; Crustacea-; Trapeziidae-; ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Tikehau-Atollf2+Galzin, R. Planes, S. Dufour, V. Salvat, B.r 1994PJVariation in Diversity of Coral Reef Fish Between French Polynesian Atolls Coral Reefs1330175-180} 0722-4028  1423PBS Record: 80 COMMUNITIES6The diversity of coral reef fish in seven atolls in French Polynesia is analyzed with respect to geomorphological characteristics of the atolls. The results show that size of the lagoon is more important than confinement in affecting overall fish diversity. This result suggests that island biogeographic theory, as developed by MacArthur and Wilson for terrestrial animals, also applies to reef fish in that more area gives more habitat complexity which, in turn, supports higher fish diversity. However, species diversity within a given family appears to be affected more by ecological parameters, such as living coral cover, food diversity, and reproductive behavior, than geomorphological features.(03) S Planes/Univ Perpignan/Ecole Prat Hautes Etud/Ctr Biol & Ecol Trop & Mediterraneenne/CNRS/Ura 1453/F-66860 Perpignan, France (42) English Article EC181zObjectives and background to the 1994 Franco-Australian expedition to Taiaro Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia)NHGalzin, R. Planes, S. Adjeroud, M. Chauvet, C. Doherty, P. J. Poupin, J. Coral-Reefsa171, 15-21l 1998The 9 km super(2) uplifted lagoon of Taiaro Atoll (15 degree 45'S, 144 degree 38'W) is hypersalaine due to its isolation from the ocean, yet it contains a high diversity of fish. The question unifying our expedition was to discover whether these assemblages could be self-sustaining despite very limited contact with the ocean. Although we were constrained by time, collections of fish larvae showed that some species can complete their life-cycle within the lagoon, while others differed genetically between the lagoon and the ocean, consistent with restricted gene flow. The lagoon contained few oceanic species of zooplankton, confirming its general isolation, but nevertheless some fish species may depend upon infrequent colonisation from the ocean (when large waves drive water over the normally dry reef crest). Isotopic signatures in fish otoliths suggest the basis for a more definitive and inclusive test of the sources of the lagoonal assemblage.xrCoral-reefs; Reef-fisheries; Life-cycle; Hydrodynamics-; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Taiaro-Atoll Garcia, E. Holtermann, K.\ 19984-Calabash Caye, Turneffe Islands Atoll, BelizeB;CARICOMP: CARIBBEAN CORAL REEF, SEAGRASS AND MANGROVE SITES 35 67-77a BN95YY [References]<6(03) Garcia E/Univ Coll Belize, Ctr Marine Res/Turneff Islands Atoll/Belize/ /Univ Coll Belize, Ctr Marine Res/Turneff Islands Atoll/Belize (19) UNESCO, 7 PLACE DE FONTENOY, 75700 PARIS, FRANCE (27) Figures/Plates (30) Kjerfve B (32) COASTAL REGION AND SMALL ISLAND PAPER (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Current Book Contents in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences/UNESCO, 4611-F ASSEMBLY DRIVE, LAMHAM, MD 20706-4391 USA/Softbound: ISBN *************. (Prepayment Required)7ߊRI$I$U1:33jRZ{l\9l{vqwüx.kSŕK I$I$K;3;o[trDg UzU~&vNKI/I$\}n; AI$I$IBjsX _[؅:#'8~g\NF/}??U`I$I$zS͟oΎO S8AiiGyIӱ+ìUEB==VI$_I$,7M⺔H)ґ1$'OLHY8eٍXAmwuf" Ǟ'I$I$\־ngKP[E'9DZ_o<>1q}XI$KI$,(w.$I$I$ \%AeƼd}H#+}W2~@yNM x@s I$Kֲe_VIm.tq#-z.xX{DlCw;-I$II%(wcgO0yn.),ۻ#T0>V=:mr^^<8ch GK_딈mV7>??B$Aue}^7mwG.WVv6VeG9ikh 5ΰP\$;u ѩ+W;q~2)T8sew*VX_,1;׷,][/.ϪadԈ<8bRI$I% zOVW7%ޖ%#>x7?vViul~^A$qo$I$KI%7+~ I$I$I$.}70YUp{tl>uyo'g8 , QEllison, J. C. Enos, P. Erba, E.Erdmann, M. V. et al.Fagerstrom, J.A.Fairbanks, R.G.Fairbridge, R. W.Falkowski, P. G.Feely, Richard A. Feldstein, T. Fenner, J.Ferrier-Pags, C. Feyk, L. A. Fielder, P.C.Figueiredo, L. Fikri, A. Firth, J.Fitzpatrick, M. Fleury, B. G. Flood, P. G. Fontaine, F.Fontaine, M. F.Forsythe, J. W.Fougerouse, A.Fougerouse, AngeliqueFournier, R.O. Fox, V.fr Frasson, C. Froehlich, K. Froese, K. L. Frouin, P. Fu, X. Fu, Xiong Fu, Zilang Furla, P. G, Paulay Gabrie, C. Gachon, A. Gagarin, V.I. Galil, B. S. Galzin, R. Gangnery, A. Garcia, E. Garcia, N. Garnier, M. Garrigue, C.Garzon-Ferreira, J. Gasco, C. Gastaud, J.Gattuso, J. P. Geairon, P. Gee, J. S. Geister, J. George, J. Gerber, M.B. Gerber, R.P Gerber, R.P. Gerdes, G. Gessel, S. P. Gibbs, R.Gibson, G. R., Jr. Gibson, J. Gibson, T. G. Giesy, J. P. Gillot, P. Y.Gilmartin, W. G.Gingerich, S. B. Gischler, E. Glynn, P. W. Glynn, P.W.Gnanadesikan, AnandGochfeld, D.J. Gochfeld, M. Goes, J.Golovchenko, X. Golubic, S. Gong, G. -C.Gonzalez, J. M. Goodman, S.Gordon, D.C.Jr. Gosselin, M. Goto, K. Gout, B. Goutiere, G.gov Gray, G. N. Green, A Green, A.H. Griffis, R.B. Grigg, E. Griggs, J.E.Groenenberg, J.E. Groning, M.Grottoli, A.G.Gruber, NicolasGueredrat, J.A. Guezennec, J. Guezennec, M. Guille, A. Guille, G. Guinot, D. Guo, X. Y. Guy, C.Haggerty, J. A.Hallock, Y. F.Hamilton, L.J. Hamilton, T. Hanlon, R. T. Hannah, D. J. Harah, Z.M.Harmelin-Vivien, M. Haumani, G. Hayward, S. HD, Durst Hein, J.R. Held, E. E. Helfrich, P. Hemet, P. Henry, P. Heral, M.Heral, MauriceHerbaut, Christian Hertel, F. Herzfeld, M. Hetesa, J. Hily, C. Hobson, E.S. Holm, E.Holmhansen, O.Holtermann, K. Honthaas, C. Hope, B. Hope, J.M. Hori, N.Hossain, M. B.Huang, Zhenguo Hutchings, P.Hutchings, Pat A. Ichikawa, K. Ikagawa, M. Ikeuchi, Y. Ingole, B. S. Irving, R.A. Iryu, Y. Isobe, M. Ivanov, M. J, Mays J, RuthJackson, G. A. Jahnke, G. Jahnke, L.L. James, D. B.Jameson, S. C. Jan, FgblJannasch, H. W. Jansen, P. Jaubert, J.Jayakumar, D.A.Jean-Baptiste, P. Jehl, C.Jenkyns, H. C. Jirasek, J.Johannes, R.E. Johnson, M.W. Jokela, T. A. Jokiel, P.L. Jones, G. Jones, H. E. Jones, M.B. Jones, P. D. Jonquieres, GJonquieres, G. Jordan, R. W. Jouventin, P. Joye, S. B. Joye, S.B. JR, StuffJuillet-Leclerc, A. Juszczak, R.Kabzinski, A. K. M. Kadiri-Jan, TKadiri-Jan, T. Kaigara, T.Kaladharan, P. Kan, H. Kandan, S. Kanisch, G. Kannan, K. Kawaguchi, T. Kawahata, H. Kawana, T.ke Kelly, M.Kelly-Borges, M. Kench, P. S. Kerr, L. M. Kessing, B.D. Key, G.S. Khan, M. Y. Kimmerer, W.Klasson-Wehler, E. Klenke, T. KM, MorrisseyKochevar, I. E. Kohn, A. J. Komiyama, H.Kraines, S. B.Krasnick, G.J. Krausse, G.H. Kremer, J.N. Krider, E. P. Krueger, F. Kruger, A.Krumbein, W. E. Kulbicki, M. Kwong, L.L.W. Lagarde, F. Lam, R.K.Lanctot, J. L. Lang, K. L.Laporte, FlorentLarkum, A. W. D. Lawson, E.M. Lazar, A Le Borgne, R.Le Borgne, RobertLe Bouteiller, A.Le Campion, T. Le Corre, M. Le Gall, S. Le-Bris, S.8n+ut^Wj~&C?Rp}ʿQʯ_P6} NVM6[Ru~~>sًgml-i?nѺ_UVd.Da:@̫c~Kr>&Xjq.{ϩɽ->}.ԡ]CV]PX̲vqk"ke7~us>%7UGRuAZ` Iq^\ڼk*|TMOȐ=9i`m4 s%OUf: ZĒI$I%X\_PI$I$I$\qzѬfspnɔyo]BI$I$I$I$cnԬo܇%ή{ Uz>bY{%sMmS^1OWXVt<>u!Ahp<#gPuӊķ?~?F?׏S]]Y+NE̤D͏ D,,?Wia`߬Y:]Mfc'4ot/9:Zn5ZxmGb 'Ծ3muvtNYa0hZ2| VqsE>`Bx3r^xܜuy:#1Xx~U?-ω:GUV㺬|[1ƭeܴrܯOIqέEy#RI$I$I$I%X\_PKrhdz'!ii}<Kz55Yc,o7Z75:hVu wӌ&6@[>ZUv;snmBw'R~ N:f;j{\8t\8=6{q> hnuWadM/GǀOi,[>DZ{_1}p]O2,K,uSջ巴Řsmyo_~+@+Ncx]BI$I$I$I$cnԨ[-X7WcK^A vekKMYQ2i+[וcXk/wc$dYiogVWPSb\MluQsKat?9ft?k;32OG1>tf /@&4 WۻUu_z=X`?&i-;A"ޚ#O23:^`$1d뤹XՊq]smt@ -l^tU).gEW_h{Gmv9vmkC./W\JisX﫦I$I$I$I$1h{7F\WNKҺ-s%zUJk\j~IkFٮls^G)T]ں@AA"Bqc~ \]C$gkhvϮܮXh5V|v\>a\bM{ߐ3 ?u}Y-DZ×Wdcu \_X4c}w(,al·%2I$I,OU~k1t-so2C_QO?Y.~6ڪ-.$I$I$I$\֟owu $=/]_KNNr֯k?.âߑ599WSu}7$GC tU[֟./Yɧ3<֗ۙiT$n0aO=%|̰EVy]*n׼Ls@]~K{ٙ=.ܦc[eutf3)ɴWA#{C~J=ctWgRָY`k}f?w.בUC*{kd.[KhhW(=w5[BI$I$I$IP9X=:nu4s[XrY\GNunn325í7X&=CfK<\䰎I$I$I$I%<^> B㝙tvuVӆ=*'ܯJI%ߗّٽ:c>?Ӎm;T_]@7cIc9W@]Y =7q{vahR3-eG^O޽C$ Z8h@;.$I$I$I$ l [2P.s$\WSo.=;'Gp$JO _Dm'#6 ɻի utYd:\# [J}x0iy?j`=k ǀ5`~C?_EoٕěiZZGPqe逵uW~E$-j}ָ2^@T12qٕknYcx12~YSbM/.N5N2k$x+ ^G I$I$I$2(ťi`X>kV]bE-oTZ<OZ OF=Bs-ĻmW!sV'quژ7zJI$I/I$I$o+WA/w?*ٙ?n7[ViY14̱k|H_]BI$I$I$ӍMWMM/J㱩WG{ƅΎ?wk@k@kZ v ^VYc+`.{ݠjIY{Nz<yw TjcInvestigations on the soft bottom benthos in a southwest Pacific Atoll lagoon (Uvea, New Caledonia),&Garrigue, C. Clavier, J. Chevillon, C. 1998.(Atoll Research Bulletin [Atoll Res Bull] 450P 458a&Using Smart Source Parsing 18ppdXRMicrobenthos and macrobenthos were quantitatively studied at 62 stations distributed regularly over the Uvea Atoll lagoon (850 km super(2)). Sampling was performed using both SCUBA and a 0.1 m super(2) Smith McIntyre grab. Mean estimates of ATP, chlorophyll a and phaeopigments were 297.3 ng/cm super(2), 77.01 mg/m super(2) and 35.28 mg/m super(2) respectively. The mean macrobenthic biomass was 4.14 gAFDW/m super(2) of which the macrophytobenthos accounts for 39%. The benthic biomass decreased from the coast to the deepest parts of the lagoon. Macrophytes were most abundant in the coastal area and became progressively scarcer with increasing depth. By comparison, sessile species dominated on hard substrates in intermediate and deep zones. The abundance of the surface-deposit feeder group, that dominated the trophic structure of zoobenthos (33% of the macrofauna biomass), could be explained by a microphytic biomass six times higher than macrophytobenthic one in terms of carbon. Carnivores (32%) were mainly represented by necrophagous species, and filter-feeders (27%) by bivalves. Herbivores were rare. Four main benthic communities were identified on the basis of their macrobenthic assemblages using a Detrended Correspondence analysis. They corresponded to (1) a coastal zone, with the highest mud percentage in sediments, (2) an intermediate zone, with moderate depth and dominated by hard substrates, (3) a back reef zone, with thick sand layers, and (4) a deep zone dominated by hard substrates. Relative distribution of the trophic groups varied according to the different zones and suggests distinct functional characteristics for the different benthic assemblages. From a biogeographic point of view, this study highlighted the richness of the Uvea Atoll lagoon in terms of benthic species and biomass, compared to other central Pacific atoll lagoons.Benthos-; Vertical-distribution; Community-composition; Trophic-structure; Filter-feeders; Carnivores-; Herbivores-; Substrate-preferences; Ecological-distribution; Population-density; Biomass-; Atoll-lagoons; ISEW,-New-Caledonia,-UveafGerber, R.P Marshall, N. 1976NGIngestion of detritus by the lagoon pelagic community at Eniwetok Atoll :3Eniwetok Marine Biological Laboratory Contributions 1t 1091PBS Record: 920 Calanoid Copepod/Plankton0 EC79 Gerber, R.P. Gerber, M.B.r 1979Ingestion of natural particulate organic matter and subsequent assimilation, respiration and growth by tropical lagoon zooplanktonMarine Biology52 33-43 353PBS Record: 46602,atoll/ Eniwetok/ Undinula vulgaris/ copepod/ EC136 Gerber, R.P. Marshall, N.\ 1982ztCharacterization of the suspended particulate organic matter and feeding by the lagoon zooplankton at Enewetak atoll Bulletin of Marine Science321290-300 3515PBS Record: 4640b>8POM/ atoll/ Pacific/ Lagoon/ phytoplankton/ POC/detritus EC80 5L4 diurnal cell size variations diversityDNADNA- Dolomite-Dolomitizationdolomitization-Dominant-species drought- droughts-Drupella-cornusdynamic-responsedynamical-oceanographydystrophic-crisisEarth-sciencesEASTERN LEVANTINE BASINEchinometra-mathaeiecologcial-distributionEcological-balanceEcological-distributionEcological-zonation ecology Ecology-Ecomorphology/ Fight/ Laridae/ Phaethontidae/ Procellariidae/ Seabirds/ Sulidae/ Wings/ Eastern tropical pacific/ Flight energetics/ Sooty terns/ Albatrosses/ Model ECOSYSTEM ecosystem-Ecosystem-disturbanceecosystem-resilience ECOSYSTEMS Ecosystems- EDDIES EFFICIENCY efficiency-eggs-$!Egypt,-Arab-Rep.,-Sinai,-Solar-L. Egypt-El-Nino-phenomenaelectron-microscopy Emergence-("EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI PRYMNESIOPHYCEAEEmoia-caeruleocauda Emoia-impar ENCOREEndemic-speciesENDO-UPWELLING CONCEPT/ CORAL-REEF/ ENEWETAK ATOLL/ BARRIER-REEF/ SEA-WATER/ DOLOMITIZATION/ OCEAN/ PRODUCTIVITY/ CONVECTION/ CARBONATExsEndo-upwelling concept/ French-polynesia/ Island hydrology/ Model/ Flow/ Hydrogeology/ Convection/ Mururoa/ Tuamotuendoparasites- Endoupwelling Energy- Energy-flow Enewetak$!Eniwetok/atoll/organic phosphorusENRICHMENT EXPERIMENTSEnteromorpha-compressa environment-Environment-managementEnvironment/ecology-environmental-analysisenvironmental-conditionsenvironmental-effectsEnvironmental-factorsEnvironmental-impactenvironmental-monitoringEnvironmental-protection Epibiosis-EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEANHCEQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN/ EL-NINO/ TROPICAL PACIFIC/ EVENTS/ TRENDS Erosion-ERS-1 ESTUARY Eucheuma-Eustatic-changeseutrophicationEutrophication-event event- Excretion- exopolymers-exopolysaccharides-experimental-conditionsfactorial bioassays Fallout-xuFATTY-ACIDS/ CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA/ ORGANIC-MATTER/ HYDROCARBONS/ GROWTH/ PHYTOPLANKTON/ TUAMOTU/ ESTUARY/ ALGAL/ SEAfeasibility-studies Fecundity- FEEDING RATESfeeding-behaviorfermentative-bacterium Ferrous-ironFilter-feedersFISHFish- fish-culture fish-diseases Fish-larvae fisheriesFishery-biologyFishery-managementFishery-resources fishing- FLORIDA BAYflow cytometryFlow cytometry/ Chlorophyll/ Fiji/ Primary production/ Nutrient/ Particulate organic-matter/ Atoll tuamotu archipelago/ North pacific-ocean/ Phytoplankton biomass/ Equatorial pacific/ Flow-cytometry/ French-polynesia/ Western pacific/ Barrier-reef/ GrowFLOW-CYTOMETRY flow-rate fluid-flowFluorescence-microscopy$fluorescent-labeled prey methodFood-additives food-chainsfood-colorings Food-websforaging-behavior Foraminifera-Fossil-assemblagesFossil-Foraminifera framework-French polynesia$!French Polynesia/ atoll/ TakapotoFrench-Polynesia French-Polynesia,-Gambier-I.French-Polynesia,-Makatea,(French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu,-Tikehau-Atoll0,French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Mururoa-AtollFrench-Polynesia-atolls("French-polynesia. Marennes-oleron. FRESH-WATERfreshwater-lensesFringing-reefs future future-Gas-chromatographic determination/ Hydrolysis products/ Warfare agents/ Degradation products/ Mass-spectrometry/ Samples/ Soil/ Mustard Gastropoda-Gehyra-mutilataGehyra-oceanicaGelidiella-acerosageneral-circulation3491 } {3:Integer = 1} } {5 {2:String = 24:Version 4.50 Build 3491 } {3:Integer = 1} } } {5.1:Counter = 1} {20:Counter = 96} {21:String = 189:Scanning of C:\Dell\Drivers\2977U\3C90XCFG.EXE was aborted due to exceeded scanning time limit. The file may be in use or reading it was too slow (e.g. network connection was under stress).} } {20.2:Integer = 1031554459} {22.2:Integer = 103*&~Larger foraminifer biostratigraphy of PEACE boreholes, Enewetak Atoll, western Pacific Ocean. Geologic and geophysical investigations of Enewetak Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands7 Gibson, T. G. Margerum, R. 199120D>Using Smart Source Parsing pp NTIS Order No.: PB92-100825/GAR.60Larger foraminiferal assemblages, including Lepidocyclina orientalis, Miogypsina thecideaeformis, Miogypsinoides dehaartii, etc., and a smaller foraminifer, Austrotrillina striata, are used to correlate upper Oligocene and lower Miocene strata in the Pacific Atoll Exploration Program (PEACE) boreholes at Enewetak Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, western Pacific Ocean, with the Te and Tf zones of the previously established Tertiary Far East Letter Zonation. Correlation using these two benthic groups is critical because calcareous nannofossils and planktic foraminifers are absent in the lower Miocene strata. Biostratigraphic data from these boreholes delineate a thick (greater than 700 feet) sequence of upper Oligocene and lower Miocene strata corresponding to lower and upper Te zone. These strata document a major period of carbonate accumulation at Enewetak during the Late Oligocene and early Miocene (26 to 18 million years ago). Library of Congress catalog card no. 91-10889. Prepared in cooperation with Defense Nuclear Agency, Washington, DC. (DBO)Micropalaeontology-; Biostratigraphy-; Fossil-assemblages; Oligocene-; Miocene-; Fossil-Foraminifera; ISEW,-Marshall-I.,-EniwetokleAge (K-Ar) and building conditions of the volcanic substratum of the atoll of Mururoa (South Pacific) ,%Gillot, P. Y. Cornette, Y. Guille, G.eB;C.-R.-Acad.-Sci.-Ser.-2-Mec.-Phys.-Chim.-Sci.-Terre-Univers  314 4t393-399n 1992Samples from lavas cored in the volcanic substratum of the atoll of Mururoa have been selected in order to carry our K-Ar datings to determine precisely the conditions for the building and the piling up rate. The ages for the upper 600 m range between 11.8 and 10.7 Ma. They indicate the presence of two volcanoes. The first, in the central part, was built up essentially prior to 11.3 Ma; afterwards, between 11.3 and 10.7 Ma, its activity appears more scattered and trachytic lavas occurred during this ultimate period. A smaller, wholly basaltic volcano developed southwards and built up between 11.1 and 10.7 Ma. The age of the youngest lava flows (around 10.7 Ma) agrees with the position of Mururoa along a volcanic lineament linked to a hot spot the present location of which would be South-East of Pitcairn Island. It corresponds to a mean velocity of about 11 cm per year for the motion of the South-Pacific plate.~xVolcanic-islands; Samples-; Substrata-; Lava-flows; Hot-spots; Tectonics-; Velocity-; ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.ZSRecommended Recovery Actions for the Hawaiian Monk Seal Population at Midway Islando(!Gilmartin, W. G. Antonelis, G. A.9 199826Using Smart Source Parsing pp Report: NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-253. Available from: NTIS, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161, USA. 1-800-553-NTIS or 1-703-605-6000 or orders[at]ntis.fedworld.gov. NTIS accession number: PB98164783.rRecovery of the endangered Hawaiian Monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) in the western island populations of the Hawaiian Archipelago has been a primary concern of the Hawaiian Monk Seal Recovery Team (HMSRT, Gilmartin, 1983). Midway Islands (Fig. 1) is the site of the most depleted monk seal population. Because of continuing Navy operations at Midway in the early 1980s, it was not practical to include Sand Island at Midway in the designation of critical habitat for the species. For the same reason the HMSRT did not recommend specific recovery efforts at Midway in the Recovery Plan. With the recent closure of the Midway Naval Air Facility, establishment of the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge), and transfer of the atoll to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in June 1997, planning to recover this endangered seal population must now begin. On December 5-6, 1995, the Honolulu Laboratory of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), conducted a workshop to develop recommendations to facilitate recovery of the monk seal population at Midway. Workshop participants were presented background data on the Midway monk seal population, results of the 1992 monk seal rehabilitation and translocation to Midway, population trend data for certain Midway reef fishes, and results of the Kure Atoll monk seal recovery efforts during 1985-91 and 1993-95. The USFWS management strategy for the Refuge was also presented. The recommendations of this workshop were the basis for developing recovery actions presented in this document.Marine-mammals; Habitat-improvement; Nature-conservation; Rare-species; Environmental-protection; Monachus-schauinslandi; ISE,-Midway-I. < ~xGround-water resources and contamination at Roi-Namur Island, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1990-91Gingerich, S. B. 1996$Open File Reports Section, Box 25286s 517Using Smart Source Parsing MS--DENVER,-CO-80225-USA U.S.-GEOL.-SURVEY,-EARTH-SCIENCE-INFORMATION-CENTER [np] Water-Resources Investigations Report: 95-4275.3 oversize sheets.A study was conducted on Roi-Namur Island, Kwajalein Atoll to define the extent of the freshwater lenses and recharge zones and to asses potential contaminant migration from known sources of contamination. Rainfall, which is the sole natural source of freshwater, is strongly seasonal and occasional multi-year droughts are capable of disrupting the island's water supply. The supply of freshwater is produced by a joint system of rain catchments and shallow wells. From 1980-91, rain-catchment yield and ground-water withdrawal average 22,632 and 5,829 gallons per day, respectively. Maps were produced showing the areal extent of freshwater, the thickness of the freshwater lenses, the water-table configuration and directions of ground-water flow, and contamination sites and potential migration pathways of contaminants. Sectional views of freshwater lens thicknesses and seasonal freshwater lens thickness changes were also constructed. The freshwater lens attains a maximum thickness of 23 feet beneath the central area of Roi where recharge is high. The estimated amount of water in the lenses with chloride concentrations less than 250 milligrams per liter underlying Roi and Namur is 226 million and 4.2 million gallons, respectively. The presence of thick vegetation on Namur increases evapotranspiration losses significantly producing a smaller freshwater lens. Freshwater thicknesses shrank and expanded in a seasonal cycle as much as 3 feet near withdrawal wells. The water table forms broad mounds beneath Roi and Namur and freshwater heads reach a maximum of 1.4 feet. Most known sites of contamination lie near the periphery of the island where ground-water flow patterns will carry contaminants away from the withdrawal wells toward the shore.^XMashall-I.,-Kwajalein-Atoll,-Roi-Namur-I; groundwater-level; atolls-; contamination-; rainfall-; groundwater-recharge; water-supply; freshwater-lenses; water-table; path-of-pollutants; hydrologic-maps; seasonal-variations; groundwater-movement; saline-water; hydrology-; Marshall-Is.; groundwater-pollution; pollution-dispersion; water-suppliesLate Devonian-Early Carboniferous deep-water coral assemblages and sedimentation on a Devonian seamount: Iberg Reef, Harz Mts., Germanye Gischler, E.0*Palaeogeogr.,-Palaeoclimatol.,-Palaeoecol. 123 1-4 297-322P 1996(!Growth of the Middle-Late Devonian Iberg Reef, a small atoll in the Variscan Geosyncline of central Europe, ceased towards the end of the Frasnian. During the Famennian and Dinantian, the reef continuously subsided relative to sea level. In the latest Dinantian the reef was covered by clastics. Five deep-water organism assemblages colonized the Famennian-Dinantian seamount successively. They are well comparable to recent organism communities on deep-water coral banks. In the Famennian, abundant crinoids and ancillary rugose corals and brachiopods colonized the reef top. During the Late Tournaisian, a coral-crinoid assemblage established on the reef. It developed into a varied fauna of corals, crinoids, trilobites, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, and goniatites in the Early and Middle Visean. The Late Visean assemblage was dominated by goniatites and pseudoplanktonic bivalves. In the latest Visean, a monospecific brachiopod fauna and small microbial buildups thrived in extreme environmental conditions on the reef top. The skeletal debris of the organisms was eroded post-mortem and only accumulated in current-protected depressions of the reef surface, along with carbonate mud. Local depressions include hollows on the reef top, neptunian dikes, and pore space of a breccia that formed due to intensive shattering of the reef top during nearby volcanic activity. During most of the Famennian and Tournaisian, there is a hiatus caused by non-deposition. Only reworked Famennian and Tournaisian conodonts recovered from Upper Tournaisian-Middle Visean limestones give evidence of marine conditions on top of the reef. The sedimentary environment on the drowned atoll compares well to that on recent guyots, including hiatuses, slow and patchy sedimentation, erosion and redeposition. Both the aftermath of the Frasnian/Famennian extinction that drastically reduced metazoan reef builders and a trend towards lower temperatures in the Famennian and Dinantian are believed to have prevented the reestablishment of a shallow water reef on the drowning Devonian atoll.reef-formation; coral-reefs; fossil-assemblages; Devonian-; Carboniferous-; paleontology-; paleoceanography-; comparative-studies; Germany,-Niedersachsen,-Harz-Mts.,-Iberg-Reef; seamounts-; animal-fossils; paleoecology-; colonization-; marine-invertebrates; sedimentation- Lt5CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC\WCentral pacific-ocean/ Ferromanganese crusts/ Archipelago/ Seamounts/ Deposits/ Islands Ceramium-HDCerastoderma-edule l. Placopecten-magellanicus bivalves. Particulate cerium- Cesium-Cesium-RadioisotopesChaetodon-ulietensisChaetodontidae- Check-listsChelonia-mydas Cheloniidae-chemical-analysisChemical-compositionchemical-precipitationchemical-speciation CHEMISTRYchesapeake bayChile,-Easter-I.D?China,-People'-s-Rep.,-Nanpanjiang-Basin,-Great-Bank-of-Guizhou(%China,-People'-s-Rep.,-Pearl-R.-Deltachlorinated-hydrocarbons Chlorinity-chloroflexus-aurantiacusChlorophyceae- chlorophyllCHLOROPHYLL MAXIMA Chlorophylls- CHLOROPHYTA chroococcoid cyanobacteria Ciliates- Ciliophora- CIRCULATION circulation-classification- Climate-Climatic-changesCOASTAL WATERSCoastal-erosioncoastal-lagoonsCoastal-morphologyCoastal-zone-management Cobalt-COCCOLITHOPHORIDEAECocos (Keeling) Islands COELENTERATA Colombia- colonization- COLUMNCommercial-species COMMUNITIES communities- COMMUNITY@ t龛Qcmd8H0DI$I$I$I$KI$I$I$I$I$Is[s=thw(5Ϩ_XwU-}0\\K׸NN/@6Z,qkQ!t/{kc'=/u^g~v5u9ߢ÷uΕҲs k+w433,k:?Rigه^(t:x&Oe[i}X\967ySe;Z|:~^67YO][熶y%Q?Y: vOx_S ntmClipperton Atoll (eastern Pacific): Oceanography, geomorphology, reef-building coral ecology and biogeography4.Glynn, P. W. Veron, J. E. N. Wellington, G. M. Coral-Reefss152o 71-99t82Special Issue: Coral Reefs of the Eastern Pacific. 1996Coral reef geomorphology and community composition were investigated in the tropical northeastern Pacific during April 1994. Three areas were surveyed in the Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico), and an intensive study was conducted on Clipperton Atoll (1,300 km SW of Acapulco), including macro-scale surface circulation, sea surface temperature (SST) climatology, geomorphology, coral community structure, zonation, and biogeography. Satellite-tracked drifter buoys from 1979-1993 demonstrated complex patterns of surface circulation with dominantly easterly flow (North Equatorial Counter Current, NECC), but also westerly currents (South Equatorial Current, SEC) that could transport propagules to Clipperton from both central and eastern Pacific regions. The northernmost latitude reached by the NECC is not influenced by El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, but easterly flow velocity evidently is accelerated at such times. Maximum NECC flow rates indicate that the eastern Pacific barrier can be bridged in 60 to 120 days. SST anomalies at Clipperton occur during ENSO events and were greater at Clipperton in 1987 than during 1982-1983. Shallow (15-18 m) and deep (50-58 m) terraces are present around most of Clipperton, probably representing Modern and late Pleistocene sea level stands. Although Clipperton is a well developed atoll with high coral cover, the reef-building fauna is depauperate, consisting of only 7 species of scleractinian corals belonging to the genera Pocillopora, Porites, Pavona and Leptoseris, and 1 species of hydrocoral in the genus Millepora. The identities of the one Pocillopora species and one of the two Porites species are still unknown. Two of the remaining scleractinians (Pavona minuta, Leptoseris scabra) and the hydrocoral (Millepora exaesa), all formerly known from central and western Pacific localities, represent new eastern Pacific records. Scleractinian corals predominate (10-100% cover) over insular shelf depths of 8 to 60 m, and crustose coralline algae are dominant (5-40% cover) from 0.5 to 7 m. Spur and groove features, constructed of alternating frameworks of Pocillopora and Porites, and veneered with crustose coralline algae, are generally well developed around most atoll exposures. Although crustose coralline algae predominate in the breaker zone (with up to 100% cover), a prominent algal ridge is absent with only a slight buildup (ca. 10 cm) to seaward. Frequent grazing by the pufferfish Arothron meleagris results in the removal of large amounts of live tissue and skeleton from Porites lobata. Acanthaster planci is present, but rare. The grazing of large diadematid sea urchins, (2 species each of Diadema and Echinothrix) on dead corals cause extensive erosion in some areas. Large numbers of corals on the 15-18 m terrace had recently suffered partial (P. lobata, 60-70% maximum of all colonies sampled) or total (Pocillopora sp., 80% maximum) mortality. The lengths of regenerating knobs and the rates of linear skeletal growth in P. lobata, determined by sclerochronologic analysis, indicated period of stress during 1987. Massive skeletal growth is significantly higher at intermediate (16-17 m) than shallow (6-8 m) depths with mean extension rates of 1.5 mm yr super(-1) in P. lobata and 1.4 mm yr super(-1) in P. minuta at intermediate depths. Skeletal growth in P. lobata was depressed during the 1987 El Nino event at Clipperton. The branching coral Pocillopora sp. demonstrated high and similar skeletal growth rates at both shallow (25.4 mm yr super(-1)) and intermediate (26.5 mm yr super(-1)) depths. The presence of widely distributed Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate corals at Clipperton and the Revillagigedo Islands indicates that these NE Pacific Islands probably serve as a stepping stone for dispersal into the far eastern Pacific region.coral-reefs; surface-circulation; new-records; distribution-records; coral-; community-composition; biogeography-; ocean-circulation; geomorphology-; atolls-; Scleractinia-; Millepora-; ISE,-Mexico,-Revillagigedo-Is.,-Clipperton-AtollLFAssessment of the present health of coral reefs in the eastern Pacific Glynn, P. W. 199781STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE PACIFIC. Grigg, R.W.  33-40i$Using Smart Source Parsing ppCJDReef-building corals in the eastern Pacific occur from the upper reaches of the Gulf of California, Mexico, through Middle America to the southernmost coast and offshore islands of Ecuador. Oceanic islands also included in the eastern Pacific region are the Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico), Clipperton Atoll (France), Cocos Island (Costa Rica), and the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). The limits of reef construction extend from approximately 24 degree N, from near the tip of Baja California, to 2 degree S, including the mainland coast of Ecuador and the southern Galapagos Islands.RKenvironmental-monitoring; biological-surveys; coral-reefs; IE,-East-PacificPJGnanadesikan, Anand Slater, Richard D. Gruber, Nicolas Sarmiento, Jorge L. 2001`ZOceanic vertical exchange and new production: a comparison between models and observations@:Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography49 1-3363-401This paper explores the relationship between large-scale vertical exchange and the cycling of biologically active nutrients within the ocean. It considers how the parameterization of vertical and lateral mixing effects estimates of new production (defined as the net uptake of phosphate). A baseline case is run with low vertical mixing in the pycnocline, within the pycnocline and a relatively low lateral diffusion coefficient. The magnitude of the diapycnal diffusion coefficient is then increased within the pycnocline, within the pycnocline of the Southern Ocean, and in the top 50 m, while the lateral diffusion coefficient is increased throughout the ocean. It is shown that it is possible to change lateral and vertical diffusion coefficients so as to preserve the structure of the pycnocline while changing the pathways of vertical exchange and hence the cycling of nutrients. Comparisons between the different models reveal that new production is very sensitive to the level of vertical mixing within the pycnocline, but only weakly sensitive to the level of lateral and upper ocean diffusion. The results are compared with two estimates of new production based on ocean color and the annual cycle of nutrients. On a global scale, the observational estimates are most consistent with the circulation produced with a low diffusion coefficient within the pycnocline, resulting in a new production of around 10 GtCyr-1. On a regional level, however, large differences appear between observational and model based estimates. In the tropics, the models yield systematically higher levels of new production than the observational estimates. Evidence from the Eastern Equatorial Pacific suggests that this is due to both biases in the data used to generate the observational estimates and problems with the models. In the North Atlantic, the observational estimates vary more than the models, due in part to the methodology by which the nutrient-based climatology is constructed. In the North Pacific, the modelled values of new production are all much lower than the observational estimates, probably as a result of the failure to form intermediate water with the right properties. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of new production for evaluating circulation models.irkTY - JOUR, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VGC-44MX4DN-J/1/8cdc1b0958eaa72a859d9ca05972fe7de P437 : SMar Ecol Prog SerMar-Ecol-Prog-Ser Mar. Biol.Mar.-Ecol.-Prog.-Ser. Mar.-Geol.Mar.-Pollut.-Bull.LIMariculture Research Under The Postgraduate Programme In Mariculture PartMarine BiologyMarine Biotechnology$ Marine Ecology - Progress Series$Marine Ecology Progress Series84Marine Ecology-Progress Series Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.Marine GeologyMarine Pollution Bulletin Marine Science communications$Marine-Ecology-Progress-Series Microb.-Ecol.Microbial Ecology,(MICROBIAL MATS: STROMATOLITES. Cohen, Y. Micronesia Micronesica Nature Nature@=Neurotoxicology and Teratology Neurotoxicology and Teratology$!NEW YORK, NY USA CHAPMAN and HALL85Ninth intern. formation evaluation symp. transactionsNOAA Techn. Report NMFSXUNotes Doc. Oceanogr. Cent. Tahiti ORSTOM Papeete French Polynesia ORSTOM Cent. Tahiti Notes et Doc Ocanogr TahitiNotes et Doc. Ocanogr.$Oceanol Acta Oceanologica Acta Oceanol-Acta Oceanol.-Acta,&Oceanorama Inst. Oceanogr. Paul RicardOcanogr. trop. Oecologia Okeanologiya$Open File Reports Section, BoxPacific Science0*Palaeogeogr.,-Palaeoclimatol.,-Palaeoecol.4/Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology85Photochemistry and Photobiology Photochem. Photobiol.,'Polish Journal of Environmental Studies0*Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology($Proc. 2nd Coral Reef Symp., Brisbane$Proc. 2nd Int. Coral Reef Symp.,)Proc. 2nd Int. Coral Reef Symp., Brisbane,'Proc. 4th Int. Coral Reef Symp., ManilaHCProc. Symp. on Coral Reefs. The Marine association of India, Cochin<8Proceedings of the 5th international Coral Reef CongressHBProceedings of the fifth international coral reef congress, TahitiD@Proceedings Of The Pacon Conference On Sustainable Aquaculture 'xtProceedings of the seventh Workshops of the tropical Geography of the national Commitee of French geographers, Brest,'Progress in Oceanography Prog. Oceanog.Quaternary-Research Rapport CEA Rasain noRev.-Biol.-Mar.Rev.-Biol.-Trop. Science$ Science of the Total EnvironmentSeaweed-Res.-UtilisationSediment.-Geol.(#Sedimentary Geology Sediment. Geol. SedimentologySocit des OcanistesD?Soft Bottom Of The New Caledonian Lagoons Sedimentology,Benthos41STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE PACIFIC. Grigg, R.W.Studies On Marine Biodiversity Of The Nansha Islands And Neighbouring Waters. Nanshaqundao Jiqi Linjinhaiqu Haiyangshengwu Duoyangxing Yanjiu Beijing China China Ocean Press Suva Fiji FAO|ySYMPOSIUM ON RESEARCH REPORTS ON THE SEA AREA OF SOUTH CHINA SEA. Academia Sinica China. South China Sea Inst. of Oceanol0*Taravao Tahiti Polynesie Francaise Ifremer0-Tech. Rep. Mar. Stud. Programme Univ. S. Pac.hcThe great Astrolabe reef lagoon Fiji: Results of the French Fijian ASTRO expedition Charpy, L. eds.These Univ. Paris-Sud,'Transactions American Geophysical UnionTrop.-Geogr.-Redai-Dili Vie MilieuWater Resources Research Water, Air, & Soil PollutionTPWorkshop on Integrated Reef Resources Management in the Maldives. Male, MaldivesZivocisna-Vyroba. Zoosystema[nd]gJ1eȆG3RX\?1?WRV^FV_F}N^+{& 2:_N_7(z+n">oK.P+"]tT"mEkgYFZ?{_R/ںG^nX>8}&8j״b}o#de]yMʴ<͵ L">k@E~oPtmGЍ?aVq1 ͬk]0~K?}^( UԜ^OA;H]GAXV_}6da/I$I$I$I$I$I$I$I$9އ:?#FI$I$I$I$~Shik[\Z2MtI$I$I%O!O7U!X@ŷ) 2HV'~Գf҅E9/s 6-,\12V X^mM{ٟ]?`۶W>ӿh[ԅBۅp IW3,fP>hqa$I$I$I$I$I$I$I$I$I%}mwΏѤI$I$I$I$I$I$I$K&:CoBI$I$I$I$I$I$I$I$I$I$I$龶;GzI$I$I$I$I$I$I$I%O!O7U!XI$I%I$uΊc50曘#&ޯ$X$ot?%{/_I/,I~eoWKC,_z_Ybޯ$X$ot?%{/_I/,I~eoWKC,_z_Yb------------------BEGIN SIGNATURE------------------------------- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijk= -------------------END SIGNATURE-------------------------------- 8:version1 1 {1.3.6.1.4.1.2213 {11 {1 {2:DisplayString = 3:FRA} {14 {1:Integer = 1} {2:Integer = 1} } } {2 {1:String = 4:4.50} {4:Integer = 7} {5:String = 32:C:\Program Files\F-Secure\Common} {12.2:Integer = 1031554459} {13.2:Integer = 1031554487} {14 {2:Integer = 1031554458} {8:Integer = 1031579676} } {15.2:Integer = 1031294264} {18 {2:Integer = 1031554459} {3.2 {2:String = 24:Version 4.50 Build 3491 } {3:Integer = 1} } {4 {3 {2:String = 24:Version 4.50 Build 3491 } {3:Integer = 1} } {4 {1:Counter = 4} {2:String = 24:Version 4.50 Build f`Gochfeld, M. Gochfeld, D.J. Minton, D. Murray, B.G. Pyle, P. Seto, N. W. H. Smith, D. Burger, J.1999 DecMetals in feathers of bonin petrel, Christmas shearwater, wedge-tailed shearwater, and red-tailed tropicbird in the Hawaian Islands, northern Pacifich,%Environmental Monitoring & Assessmentu593c343-358y 0167-6369/ 248KZBirds/ Environmental pollutants/ Heavy metals/ Mercury levels/ Autumn molt/ Heavy-metal/ Age/ Accumulation/ Environment/ Cadmium/ GullLevels of environmental pollutants are usually higher in mainland and coastal areas than in offshore or oceanic islands due to higher inputs from agricultural and industrial sources. Levels of heavy metals are usually higher in adult than in young birds, because they have had longer to accumulate metals in their tissues, and/or because they may eat larger, more contaminated, prey. We examined the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium in the adults and young of Bonin petrel (Pterodroma hypoleuca), Christmas shearwater (Puffinus nativitatis) and red-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) on Midway Atoll, and adult wedge-tailed shearwater (Puffinus pacificus) on Midway Atoll and on Manana Island (off Oahu) in the northern Pacific. All birds were analyzed individually except for Christmas Shearwater chicks where samples were pooled to obtain sufficient quantities for analysis. Significant (p < 0.05) age-related differences were found for mercury, selenium, manganese and chromium in Bonin petrels, for selenium and mercury in Christmas shearwaters, and for chromium and mercury in Red-tailed Tropicbirds. Lead approached significance for all three species. Adults had higher levels than young except for chromium and manganese in the petrels and arsenic in all three species. There were significant interspecific differences in concentrations of all metals except arsenic for the adults nesting on Midway. Christmas shearwaters had the highest levels of all metals except mercury and chromium. Bonin petrels, the smallest species examined, had mercury levels that were over three times higher than any of the adults of the other three species. For wedge-tailed shearwaters, levels of chromium and lead were significantly higher, and manganese and selenium were lower on Midway than Manana. Knowledge of the foraging ranges and habits of these far-ranging seabirds is inadequately known, but does not currently explain the observed differences among species. We could not find a consistent pattern of differences between the burrow nesting species (Bonin petrel, Wedge-tailed shearwater) and the surface nesting tropicbirds. There was no consistent pairwise correlation between any metals across all species. [References: 32](03) Gochfeld M/Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst/Piscataway, NJ 08854/USA/ /Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst/Piscataway, NJ 08854/USA (19) KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Environment/Ecology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences<5Gonzalez, J. M. Torreton, J. P. Dufour, P. Charpy, L. 1998XRTemporal and spatial dynamics of the pelagic microbial food web in an atoll lagoon Aquatic-Microbial-Ecology161o 53-64sPelagic-environment; Atoll-lagoons; Heterotrophic-organisms; Population-dynamics; Energy-flow; Trophic-relationships; Trophodynamic-cycle; Grazing-; Food-webs; Spatial-distribution; Temporal-variations; Lagoons-; Biomass-; Trophic-levels; Dinoflagellates-; Plankton-; Ciliates-; French-Polynesia; Atolls-; Dinophyta-; Cyanophyta-; Ciliophora-; ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Archipelago,-Tikehau-Lagoon@9We examined the influence of diurnal cycle, depth, exchange and proximity to land on the dynamics of microbial populations (bacteria, cyanobacteria, nanoplankton, phagotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliates and dinoflagellates) in Tikehau atoll lagoon (French Polynesia). Microbial populations increased over this 15 d study. Their abundances in the lagoon ranged from 1.2 to 2.6 x 10 super(6) bacteria ml super(-1), 1.1 to 4.0 x 10 super(5) cyanobacteria ml super(-1), 200 to 1090 eukaryotic phytoplankton ml super(-1), 380 to 1500 phagotrophic nanoflagellates ml super(-1), 0.3 to 4.0 ciliates ml super(-1), and 11 to 195 nanodinoflagellates ml super(-1). Microbial abundances revealed that the intrusion of oceanic water into the lagoon only affected bacterial and cyanobacterial distributions in a narrow band around the lagoon. Grazing rate estimates and population dynamics showed that phagotrophic nanoflagellates were the major grazers of picoplankton (mainly bacteria and cyanobacteria). Cyanobacteria contributed about twice as much as bacteria to this grazed biomass and are therefore supposed to have a higher contribution to the transfer of organic carbon to the upper trophic levels. Hetero- and autotrophic nanoflagellate abundance appeared to be regulated primarily by predators. Ciliates, and perhaps heterotrophic dinoflagellates, appeared to be grazing mostly on nanoplankton, both autotrophic and heterotrophic cells. Autotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellate populations increased at net rates comparable to, or even more rapidly than, other microbial communities; this suggests that dinoflagellates also play a significant role in the lagoon microbial foodweb. Additional aspects of the spatial and temporal variability of the microbial foodweb in Tikehau lagoon, as well as the role of grazers and dinoflagellates, are analyzed.n P1066/Gordon, D.C.Jr. Fournier, R.O. Krasnick, G.J. 1971HBNote on the planktonic primary production in Fanning Island LagoonPacific Sciencef25228-233 688PBS Record: 5860n2+atoll/ Pacific/ production/ 14C/ nutrients/oP6(lfThe atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa (French Polynesia). 3 -- The living environment and its evolution*#Gout, B. Bablet, J. P. Goutiere, G.  1997HAAbysses Musee Oceanographique Monaco Monaco Musee Oceanographique-4o(!Using Smart Source Parsing 305 ppe*$Mururoa and Fangataufa are typical examples of an atoll, a common reef formation in French Polynesia. Such a structure is produced by reef-building corals which provide a wide diversity of habitats allowing the existence of very diverse plant and animal life. Coral reefs, on which studies began only relatively recently, are sensitive to environmental conditions. Up until the beginning of the twentieth century, the perturbations affecting coral reefs were of natural origin (sea level variations, cyclones... ). Recent economic and demographic development has led to additional environmental degradation resulting from human activity. The effects of atmospheric and underground nuclear tests and human habitation at the nuclear testing sites have disturbed the ecosystems of the two atolls during the last thirty years. As a result, the two atolls represent natural laboratories of major interest for the study of man-induced disturbance. Initial observations provided good knowledge of the original ecosystems. In addition, the sites have been regularly monitored since the beginning of the tests, in cooperation with scientists from different organisations specialised in the study of coral reefs. This research has followed the evolution of the ecological status of the two atolls and subsequently established their present status. The major results are presented in this volume. The establishment of a monitoring network for corals and other associated organisms (algae...) will allow further study of the long-term evolution of the environment and its restoration.Atolls-; Coral-reefs; Ecosystems-; Living-resources; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamoto-Is.,-Fangataufa-Atoll; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Mururoa-AtollGreen, A Craig, P 1999piPopulation size and structure of giant clams at Rose Atoll, an important refuge in the Samoan Archipelagot Coral Reefs0183r205-211  0722-4028 241WH,&Giant clams/ Refuge/ Samoa/ Stock sizezsRose Atoll is an important refuge for giant clams (Tridacna maxima) that have been heavily exploited elsewhere in Samoa. During an extensive survey of six islands in the archipelago (50.5 ha surveyed in 420 transects), 97% of a total of 2853 clams were recorded at the atoll (42% of area surveyed). Clam densities were highest in the atoll lagoon, especially around the bases of the pinnacles (mean density = 8870 ha(-1)). Estimated population size for the small atoll (615 ha) was approximately 27800 clams. Twenty four percent of the population consisted of mature clams ( greater than or equal to 12 cm), 70% of which occupied the pinnacles and shallow lagoon habitat. Estimated mortality was low (Z = 0.3) and primarily due to natural mortality (M = 0.3). Maximum recorded size (L-max) and asymptotic mean size (L-infinity) were 25.0 cm and 27.8 cm respectively. [References: 27]ty(03) Green A/Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author/POB 1379/Townsville/Qld 4810/Australia/ /Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources/Pago Pago, AS/USA (19) SPRINGER VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental SciencescPBS Record: 260"Griffis, R.B. Suchanek, T.H.jcA Model of Burrow Architecture and Trophic Modes in Thalassinidean Shrimp (Decapoda, Thalassinidea) & Marine Ecology - Progress Series79 1-2t171-183e\U(03) RB Griffis/Univ SW Louisiana/Dept Biol/Lafayette, LA 70504 (42) English ReviewThalassinidean shrimp construct species-specific burrows which vary in morphology from simple 'U' or 'Y' shaped tubes to more complex tiers of galleries or reticulate branches. Data on the burrow architecture of 44 species in 10 genera indicates that the morphological patterns of thalassinidean burrows are more diverse than previously recognized. Based on a review of these data and the existing information on thalassinidean feeding, we propose several generalizations in the form of a heuristic model relating burrow architecture and trophic mode in these fossorial decapods. Despite moderate levels of morphological variation between species, thalassinidean burrows can be categorized into 6 major groups based on their morphological characteristics. The 6 burrow types are distinguishable based on the presence or absence of (1) surface sediment mounds at excurrent openings, (2) seagrasses in chambers or the burrow lining, and (3) a simple 'U' shaped burrow design. Although relatively little is known about the functional significance of the different architectural patterns, each burrow type may be indicative of one of the 3 general trophic modes utilized by burrowing shrimp: (1) deposit feeding, (2) drift catching, and (3) filter/suspension feeding. Two different types of burrows are discernible within the mound-producing, deposit-feeding group, 3 distinct burrow morphotypes are associated with filter/suspension feeding, and the 6th burrow morphotype is produced by the drift catchers. The ecological significance of these 6 burrow types is discussed in addition to the effects of various environmental parameters on intraspecific variation in burrow morphology. 122cPOLYCHAETE CAPITELLA-CAPITATA/ CALLIANASSA-CALIFORNIENSIS/ UPOGEBIA CRUSTACEA/ BRITISH-COLUMBIA/ BIKINI ATOLLS/ BIOTURBATION/ COMMUNITIES/ LAGOON/ MEIOFAUNA/ ENEWETAK 1991XQHabitat use by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at Turneffe Atoll, BelizeoGrigg, E. Markowitz, H.1 Aquat.-Mamm.233 163-170  1997haSite preference and habitat use by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at Turneffe Atoll, Belize were investigated using survey routes and counts of animals seen. Ten sites were the focus of this study, covering a range of locations throughout the southern two-thirds of Turneffe Atoll and encompassing four key habitat types. Data were collected from Fall 1995 through Spring 1996; counts and a variety of environmental and behavioral observations were made from small boats. It was found that dolphin group size is dependent on location, and further, that dolphin group size is dependent on habitat type. The data indicate that some areas of the atoll are favored by groups of a certain size; this relationship, combined with the relationship between habitat type and group size suggests that certain areas of the atoll are used by the dolphins preferentially for specific activities. This finding is comparable to that of other studies on coastal T. truncatus that have noted a relationship between environmental variables, group size, and behavior. Average group size and sighting rates by season are also given.Habitat-utilization; Site-selection; Social-organization; Activity-patterns; Belize-; Marine-mammals; Habitat-selection; Population-structure; Population-characteristics; Population-number; Environmental-conditions; Tursiops-truncatus; ASW,-Belize,-Turneffe-Atollt ,"Griggs, J.E. Peterson, F.L.e 1993NHGround-Water Flow Dynamics and Development Strategies at the Atoll Scale Ground Water312209-220b 0046-645Xb KP620PBS Record: 80ISLAND/ MODEL/ LENSOne of the most difficult tasks in hydrogeology is to develop sustainable supplies of potable ground water from small atoll islands. Fresh ground-water systems within atolls, if they exist at all, are extremely fragile and sensitive to development stresses. In this study, the mathematical model SUTRA was used to examine development alternatives for a two-phase miscible ground-water system in a cross section through the Laura area of Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands. The geological framework modeled for Laura is a multilayered aquifer system in which the primary members are a sequence of moderately permeable Holocene carbonate sediments overlying highly permeable Pleistocene sediments and reef materials. Ground water in this system consists of a thin layer of fresh water separated from underlying sea water by a relatively thick, transitional layer of mixed saline and fresh water. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the modeled depth to the 50% salinity contour is most sensitive to permeability, and the transition-zone thickness is most sensitive to transverse dispersivity. Results from the development analysis verify that shallow, linear skimming wells, or galleries, are the most efficient means of extracting fresh ground water.PJ(03) JE Griggs/Harza Environm Sci/Chicago, IL 60606 (42) English ArticleGrottoli, A.G. 1999pjVariability of stable isotopes and maximum linear extension in reef-coral skeletons at Kaneohe Bay, HawaiiMarine Biology 1353437-449 0025-3162 266TBGreat-barrier-reef/ Kavaratti atoll lakshadweep/ Sea-surface temperature/ Growth-rates/ Montastrea-annularis/ Scleractinian corals/ Red-sea/ Southern-oscillation/ Acropora-formosa/ Biological carbonatesStable-isotope and growth records of coral skeletons are often used to reconstruct tropical paleoclimate, yet few surveys have systematically examined the natural variability in coral skeletal delta(13)C, delta(18)O and maximum linear skeletal extension (MLSE) across depth. Here, interspecific, intraspecific, and geographical variations in coral skeletal delta(13)C, delta(18)O, and MLSE were examined in the corals Porites compressa, P. lobata, and Montipora verrucosa grown at 1.7, 5.0, and 8.3 m depth from August 1996 to March 1997 at The Point Reef and Patch Reef #41 field sites in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Coral skeletal delta(13)C values significantly decreased with depth and differed between species, but did not vary between field sites. delta(18)O values were not significantly different across depth within a species, but did differ among species and field sites. High-resolution analysis of the intra-annual variation in skeletal delta(13)C and delta(18)O in P. compressa at 2.0 m depth confirms that these isotopes reflect changes in solar irradiance and temperature, respectively. Changes in MLSE across depth were consistent within, but highly variable among, species. Peak MLSE occurred at 1.7, 5.0, and 8.3 m for P. lobata, P. compressa, and M. verrucosa, respectively. Such interspecific variation in MLSE patterns may be attributable to one or more of the following: increases in zooplankton in the diet, changes in metabolic processes, or changes in growth form with depth. Overall, these results imply that natural inter- and intraspecific variability in coral skeletal delta(13)C, delta(18)O, and MLSE should be considered when interpreting and comparing coral-based tropical paleoclimate data from various coral species, depths, and field sites. [References: 90]npi(03) Grottoli AG/Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci/Irvine, CA 92697/USA/ /Univ Houston, Dept Biol/Houston, TX 77204/USA (19) SPRINGER VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental SciencesE"Gueredrat, J.A. Rougerie, F. 1978NHEtude physico-chimique et planctologique du lagon de l'atoll de TakapotoNotes et Doc. Ocanogr.c1e 28-34n 1569PBS Record: 80809 EC170-xrThe atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa (French Polynesia). 1 -- Geology, petrology, hydrology. From volcano to atollLEGuille, G. Goutiere, G. Sornein, J. F. Buigues, D. Gachon, A. Guy, C.  1996HAAbysses Musee Oceanographique Monaco Monaco Musee oceanographiquep3-(!Using Smart Source Parsing 175 ppaThe atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa are made up of a volcanic substratum capped by a coral-reef platform. Their underlying basement was formed 12 million years ago at a hotspot located near Pitcairn Island, where magma from a mantle source gave rise to periodic eruptions of lava onto the ocean floor. By this process, volcanic islands were built up which -- being coupled to the Pacific Plate -- drifted away from the hotspot while undergoing progressive subsidence and erosion. These islands would have been completely submerged if coral growth had not compensated for the subsidence of the volcanic pile, leading to the formation of atolls which are maintained at or near sea level. As a result, the two volcanic massifs have behaved as complex dynamic systems that have evolved due to the influence of multiple and interrelated factors. Although the controlling mechanisms are currently fairly well understood (plate tectonic processes, hotspot volcanic activity, coral reef growth, oscillations in sea level, etc.), their effects are generally difficult to characterize because of a lack of data. Studies carried out on the two atolls over the past 30 years have continually contributed to an improved knowledge of the underlying basement; the results presented here are of special interest since they are based on an unprecedented amount of drill hole data. For the first time, downhole investigations have enabled a fine-scale description of the structure, spatial distribution and properties of the geological formations making up the two atolls. Furthermore, it has been possible to reconstruct the history of growth and modification of the volcanic pile and capping reefs.YCoral-reefs; Magma-; Volcanic-islands; Geology-; Petrology-; Atolls-; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-I.,-Mururoa-Atoll; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamoto-I.,-Fangataufa-Atollc ~Hamilton, L.J. 1994XQTurbidity in the Northern Great Barrier Reef Lagoon in the Wet Season, March 1989n:4Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research454 585-615 0067-1940 1404PBS Record: 100*INHERENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES/ WATERS/ DEPTHIn 1989, a typical wet season was experienced in northern Queensland, with low winds and long calm periods. Turbidity in upper waters of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon broadly had a simple distribution that could be modelled from bottom depth contour values alone, without introducing wind speed or bottom type. In the absence of major storm and cyclone events, this result appears to be general, based on the similarity between March 1989 survey data and Secchi disc climatology. The simple distribution arises because the main turbidity sources are riverine discharges, with little entrainment of bottom sediment into the upper column, except in shallower waters. Fresh, highly turbid riverine influxes are generally confined close inshore, with salinity and Secchi contours parallel to shore, forming cross-shelf gradients. A semi-quantitative relation was found between sea surface colour and Secchi disc depth. Examination of nephelometric turbidity stratification showed that satellite and Secchi data should be more useful for subsurface turbidity inference between Cooktown and Innisfail than in Princess Charlotte Bay, with horizontal and vertical stratifications, respectively, observed in those areas. Highest nephelometric turbidity was seen from Cooktown to Innisfail. Beam attenuation coefficient in oceanic waters outside the reef appeared to be dominated by absorption, with lagoon waters influenced by scattering. A method is suggested to enable approximate transfer of beam attenuation coefficient measured by a transmissometer operating at a single wavelength to beam attenuation coefficient at other wavelengths, using coincident measurements of Secchi disc depths made with filters.(03) LJ Hamilton/Def Sci & Technol ORG/Div Maritime Operat/Aeronaut & Maritime Res Lab/POB 44/Pyrmont/NSW 2009, Australia (42) English Article EC183aHarmelin-Vivien, M.C 1985("Tikehau atoll, Tuamotu ArchipelagoHBProceedings of the fifth international coral reef congress, Tahiti1lolynesie-francaise 1088piGeological-structures; Hydrology-; Benthos-; Anthozoa-; ISE,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Tikehau-Atoll Of the 84 atolls of French Polynesia, 76 of them constitute the Archipelago of Tuemotu. TIKEHAU atoll, situated in the north west of this archipelago, is a typical example of an open atoll which means that it has a pass connecting the water of the lagoon with that of the open ocean. Two natural ressources, fish and coprah, are commercially exploitod by the population. As a result of this, and because its characteristics make it a model of a mid size open atoll, ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre Mer) heve bsen encouraged to develop a multidisciplinary research program in collaboration with scientists from other laboratories (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, Centre Universitaire de la Reunion, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Universite de Pau...). Research work stated on this atoll in 1982. The first expedition resulted in the publication in 1984 of a volume of "Notes et Documents du Centre ORSTOM de Tahiti" entitled "Tikehau atoll: preliminary results". Then, regular ORSTOM expeditions study the fisheries and population dynamic of the principal commercial species of fish, the primary production of waters and the benthic communities. Joint ORSTOM and EPHE expeditions heve enabled work to begin on studies of the island geology, of certain important groups of benthic communities (algae, corals, ascidians, borers, cryptofauna) and of fish populations. The opportunity to carry out detailed investigations on the effect of cyclones on the atoll ecosystem was provided following the passage of the cyclones ORAMA and VEENA. LOCALIZATION Situated at latitude 18o South and longitude 148o West, 300 km north of Tahiti, Tikehau atoll is the second to last atoll NW of the Tuemotu archipelago, between the eastern Rangiroa atoll and the western Mataiva atoll (Fig.1). Seabeds less than 1000 m deep separate Tikehau and Mataiva which lie 37 km apart Tikehau is almost circular: its widest diameter, being its NE-SW axis, is nenrly 28 km wide. The reef rim approximately 78 km long has a width -taken between the algal ridge and the edge of the lagoonvarying from less than 300 m in the NW part up to 1300 m in the SE part (Intes, 1984). Permanently exposed islets, called MOTU, are usually between 150 and 500 m wide. The one exception is the large SW motu which supports the only permanent village of the atoll. It is approximately 900 m wide at its southern most part. West of the atoll, on the leewerd coast, the rcef rim is interrupted by a 300 m wide pass which is at less t 3.7 m deep, making Tikehau an open atoll. A 7 miles long channel winds its way through the lagoon from the pass to the villageF?Using Smart Source Parsing 27-May-1-June-,--1:-French-Polynesian-coral-reefs-Cinquieme-congres-international-sur-les-recifs-coralliens,-Tahiti,-Polynesie-francaise,-27-mai-1er-juin-1985,---Recifs-coralliens-de-Delesalle,-B.-(ed.); Galzin,-R.-epsilon-d.; Salvat,-B.-(ed.) Moorea-French-Polynesia Antenne-Museum-EPHE 1985  EC263eHein, J.R. Morgan C.L. 1999>7Influence of substrate rocks on Fe-Mn crust composition<6Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers465e855-875a 0967-0637 189FL^WCentral pacific-ocean/ Ferromanganese crusts/ Archipelago/ Seamounts/ Deposits/ Islandso\VPrincipal Component and other statistical analyses of chemical and mineralogical data of Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide crusts and their underlying rock substrates in the central Pacific indicate that substrate rocks do not influence crust composition. Two ridges near Johnston Atoll were dredged repetitively and up to seven substrate rock types were recovered from small areas of similar water depths. Crusts were analyzed mineralogically and chemically for 24 elements, and substrates were analyzed mineralogically and chemically for the 10 major oxides. Compositions of crusts on phosphatized substrates are distinctly different from crusts on substrates containing no phosphorite. However, that relationship only indicates that the episodes of phosphatization that mineralized the substrate rocks also mineralized the crusts that grew on them. A two-fold increase in copper contents in crusts that grew on phosphatized elastic substrate rocks, relative to crusts on other substrate rock types, is also associated with phosphatization and must have resulted from chemical reorganization during diagenesis. Phosphatized crusts show increases in Sr, Zn, Ca, Ba, Cu, Ce, V, and Mo contents and decreases in Fe, Si, and As contents relative to non-phosphatized crusts. Our statistical results support previous studies which shovel that crust compositions reflect predominantly direct precipitation from seawater (hydrogenetic), and to lesser extents reflect detrital input and diagenetic replacement of parts of the older crust generation by carbonate fluorapatite. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 17](03) Hein JR/US Geol Survey/MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd/Menlo Park, CA 94025/USA/ /US Geol Survey/Menlo Park, CA 94025/USA/ /Univ Hawaii, HNEI MMTC/Honolulu, HI 96822/USA (19) PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences/Article/English/Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental SciencesL f:3A convective model of water flow in Mururoa basaltsiLFHenry, P. Guy, C. Cattin, R. Dudoignon, P. Sornein, J. F. Caristan, Y.Geochim.-Cosmochim.-Acta6012 2087-2109a 1996Even long after the end of volcanic activity, the background geothermal flux of Mururoa Atoll (French Polynesia) maintains fluid convection. We present evidences that interstitial water is continuously renewed in the carbonate platform, as well as in the volcanic basement. In the carbonate rocks, the presence of a karst system allows convective fluxes high enough for the thermal equilibration of the formation with the ocean around. On the contrary, convection in the volcanic basement is, in most places, too slow to cause a measurable disturbance of temperature profiles. Thermal convection models indicate that the average permeability of the volcanic basement cannot be more than a few 10 mD (10 super(-14) m super(2)), implying a residence time of more than 10,000 years. The concentration of Sr in porewaters is used as an indicator of the rock/water ratio and of the residence time of the fluid. Considering the measured permeabilities and the estimated rates of reaction, residence times of more than 1 My, corresponding to average permeabilities of less than 10 super(-16) m super(2), are unlikely in the studied upper kilometer of the volcano. However, the extrapolation of the rates of dissolution for basaltic glass measured in the laboratory to in situ conditions apparently leads to overestimate the rates of reaction. Chemically reactive surface area per volume of fluid is a critical parameter in this extrapolation and its value is dependent on the method used to measure it. Although it may not be the only explanation, the discrepancies can be caused by the presence of clays in conduits for fluid flow and as a replacement product of glass. Comparing our results with studies of Quaternary basalts in Iceland, the 10 Ma alteration history of the Mururoa basalt results in a decrease of the permeability of the aquifers by several orders of magnitude, but does not cause a large change of the chemically reactive surface area.ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Gambier-Is.,-Mururoa-Atoll; basalts-; fluid-flow; hydrothermal-activity; pore-water; convection-; volcanoes-; interstitial-water; permeability-; chemical-precipitation; atolls-; French-Polynesia,-Gambier-I.Heral, Maurice 2001 EditorialVAquatic Living Resources1439 154s 2001/0ZSAprs une phase d'exprimentation, la perliculture se dveloppe, en Polynsie franaise, partir des annes soixante-dix. Elle reste encore confidentielle jusqu la fin des annes quatre-vingt. Puis la reconnaissance de la perle noire de Tahiti comme produit de luxe, permet une explosion de l'activit. Un prix de vente lev et une autosuffisance en captage favorisent un dveloppement rapide peu contrl de la perliculture. Implante sur 34 atolls avec prs d'un millier d'exploitations, cette activit favorise le retour de la population sur les atolls, contribuant un dveloppement quilibr et durable de la Polynsie. Depuis 1983, la vente des perles constitue le premier poste d'exportation de produits polynsiens. Elle reprsente la seconde recette du territoire aprs le tourisme. Son chiffre d'affaire atteint 1 230 milliards de Francs franais en 1999, plaant ainsi l'levage de l'hutre perlire, Pinctada margaratifera comme deuxime production conchylicole franaise derrire l'ostriculture de Crassostrea gigas mais devant la mytiliculture. Ce dveloppement ne s'est pas fait sans problme, avec notamment diffrentes crises de mortalit, associes ou non des agents pathognes. En particulier des mortalits massives se sont produites dans l'atoll de Takapoto, dans des secteurs o les densits d'levage s'taient fortement intensifies. Pour accompagner le dveloppement de cette filire un programme national de recherche a t lanc sur financement du ministre de la Recherche, du ministre des Domtom, du gouvernement de la Polynsie et de financements europens. Ce programme pluridisciplinaire s'est droul en 2 phases, 19891993 et 19951999. Ce programme a rassembl les diffrents organismes de recherches du territoire (SRM, IRD, Ifremer, UPF, phe) ainsi que des organismes de recherches mtropolitains (Ifremer, CNRS, nsar, Oikos). La premire phase a eu pour but de commencer les tudes sur les connaissances de base qu'il tait ncessaire d'acqurir sur l'hutre perlire, les mollusques comptiteurs trophiques et sur les cosystmes d'levage. La deuxime phase a port : sur les modles de capacit trophiques sur l'atoll de Takapoto, zone atelier ; sur un rseau de croissance et de surveillance des pathognes dans diffrents atolls perlicoles ; sur des mises au point d'amlioration des protocoles techniques d'levage, et enfin, sur une tude socioconomique de la filire perlicole. L'ensemble des rsultats a t prsent Papeete en octobre 1999 lors d'un colloque scientifique, et les principaux rsultats pratiques destins aux perliculteurs professionnel dans l'cho de la nacre, Te-reko parau . Une slection des principaux rsultats biologiques est expose dans ce numro spcial. Le rsultat majeur qui apparat de ces tudes est que la productivit primaire et paraprimaire de l'atoll de Takapoto permettent de supporter une capacit trophique importante. Cependant des problmes de surdensit locale peuvent induire des dficits de croissance et des mortalits, ce qui permet de recommander des distances minimales entre les structures d'levage des fermes perlicoles. Ces tudes concernent un atoll et elles restent raliser pour des atolls aux fonctionnements hydrodynamiques et biologiques diffrents. La dcouverte d'agents pouvant prsenter une pathogncit ncessite de poursuivre et de renforcer un rseau de veille zoosanitaire des diffrents atolls perlicoles. Limiter tout transfert de nacres d'un atoll l'autre serait une mesure de prcaution mais elle ncessite soit un auto-approvisionnement suffisant en matrisant le captage, soit la construction d'closeries. Sur un plan plus gnral, le dveloppement permanent de la production s'accompagne d'une baisse du prix moyen du gramme de perle, et seule une politique de qualit garantissant la ralit de produit de luxe permettra aux entreprises de maintenir une rentabilit.rkTY - JOUR, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VRH-43CBGWC-2/1/4bfdae3a0820e2c851c2d0c7a110e59fe EC2124 Abidi1997 Achuthankutty1991 Addessi2001P Adey19988 Adjerod2001Adjeroud1997uAdjeroud1998Adjeroud2000> Ahamed1998 Aharon1987} Aharon19911 Aharon1996  Ali1996& Allen1996  Allen1997  AM1999 Andrefouet2000 Andrefouet2001 Andrefouet2001 Andrefouet2001B Andrefouet2001d Andrefouet2001 Andrefouet2001 Andrefouet2001 Andrefouet2001@ Andrews1991- Andrie19921, Andri19919 Ansari19989 Antonelis1998Antonius1997 Arnaud1993s Arnoux19966 Athanasiadou19989Atkinson1992Atkinson1995 Attrill1999 Attrill1999 au20000 Aulich19977 Auman1996 Auman1997 Auman1998D Austin19499 Bablet1997 Bacher2000 Bacher20000 Badie1978 Baker1993 Baker1997Ballance1999 Barraca1996 Barraca1997Barsczus1996 Basillais1997e Bates2002 Baudin1993 Baumer1991uBergesen1993 Bergman1998a Berland1999 Bernat1991 Betzer1973 Bhattathiri1972 Birkeland1997 Blakeslee1997Blanchot1989Blanchot19899.Blanchot1992Blanchot19962Blanchot19965Blanchot19986Blanchot19997Blanchot1999Blanchot2000 Blowers1999 Bodoy2000 Bodoy2000 Bodoy2000Boehlert1992u Bohrman1993b Bonnet1999BBothorel20010%Bougrier1995; Bouloubassi1994 Bourdelin1997 Bourrouilh-Le-Jan1998R Boyd1996aBralower1993 Brickhouse1999 Broc19999! Brock1993" Brock1998 Brook1997e Brown1996 Brunk1986 Brunk19974 Buat1998uuBuchardt1993Buckland1996# Buddemeier1986$ Buden1998% Buestel1995 Buestel1999& Buestel2000 Buestel2000 Buestel2000' Buigues1982_ Buigues1992 Buigues1996Y Bula-Meyer19977Burger1999 Dece C.L.1999( Caeiro19979 Caisey20000u Camoin19933_ Camoin20010R Cardellina1996Caristan19966(Carleton1998 Carlson1995) Caroff1993 Carson-Ewart19978Carvacho1996*Casanova1999Castillo1993 Cattin1996BCaumette20010 Chan19877% Chariband1995T Charpy19851 Charpy19898 Charpy19898+ Charpy1990, Charpy1990< Charpy1990a= Charpy1990a- Charpy1991. Charpy1992> Charpy1994a; Charpy199440 Charpy19961 Charpy19962 Charpy1996? Charpy1996a3 Charpy19974 Charpy19985 Charpy1998 Charpy199896 Charpy19997 Charpy1999b Charpy19998 Charpy20019 Charpy2001aX Charpy20010d Charpy20012 Charpy200109Charpy Roubaud2001:Charpy-Roubaud1988<Charpy-Roubaud1990=Charpy-Roubaud1990-Charpy-Roubaud1991>Charpy-Roubaud19940Charpy-Roubaud1996?Charpy-Roubaud19964Charpy-Roubaud1998@Charpy-Roubaud1999+ Charpyroubaud1990, Charpyroubaud1990u Chauvet1998 Chauvet1998A Chauvet1999 Chazottes1998B Che2001) Che2001 Cheicante1999C Chen1996 Chen19999 Chess1978D ChevalierE Chevillon1995F Chevillon1996w Chevillon1998G Chiappini1999H Chinnaraj1993Chisholm2001 Christian1997uChristie1993 Claereboudt2001 Clark2001I Clarke1996w Clavier1998 co1999r co2000rK Cohen1994L Cohen1997 Colborn1996 Colborn1997M Cole1993N Coles1973 Colin1971l Coll20000U Colleagues1985O Collins1999P Comps2001H Conant19967 Connell1991 Cook19959 Cooper19939 Cooper19999Cornette1992 Cotter19979 Craig1999crcp@africaonline1999crcp@africaonline2000 Creasy1999< Cremoux1990Q Croft1995 Crow19959 Cummins1997 D1999 D1999$D'-Hondt1985 Dahlgaard1997 Dahlgaard1999R Dai1996? Dallot19844S Dalzell1998T Dandonneau1985 Day1996g Deleersnijder1997! Delesalle1981U Delesalle1985V Delesalle1985W Delesalle1992 Delesalle1994 Delesalle19989 Delesalle1999 Delesalle2000 Delesalle2000: Delesalle2000X Delesalle2001 Delesalle2001 Delesalle2001D DenizotB Deslandes2001) Deslandes2001 Desrosieres1971_Destrigneville1992v Devassy1985A Diaz19979h Diaz19977 Diaz1998rY Diaz-Pulido1997Z Dickinson1999u Dieu19931[ DM1999( Doherty1998u Doherty1998 Doherty1998\ Donaldson1978]Doumenge1996 Dovlete1999 dpi2000^ Drew1972 Drew19848_ Dudoignon1992 Dudoignon1996t Dufour1994j Dufour19969k Dufour199693 Dufour1997` Dufour1998 Dufour19989 Dufour19988a Dufour1999b Dufour1999 Dufour20010d Dufour2001 Dunbar19999 Duncan1998e Dunne1996z DuPaul1975 Dupuy2000lDuquesne2000 Durst1999 Eagle1986 Eagle1997O Easley19999f Economakis1998 Edwards2001> El-Khangi1998> El-Nigumi1998 Elderfield1992g Ellison1998u Enos19931 Enos19981u Erba19931 Erdmann1998u et al.19939- Fagerstrom1992M Fairbanks1993h Fairbridge1955i Falkowski1997e Feely2002K Feldstein1994u Fenner19939j Ferrier-Pags2001200120012001Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags200120012001200120012001Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags20012001 Ferrier-Pags2001Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001Ferrier-Pags2001Ferrier-Pags2001Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001Ferrier-Pags20012001 Ferrier-Pags200139j Ferrier-Pags2001j Ferrier-Pags2001Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001gs2001 Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags200139j Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001 Ferrier-Pags2001ier-Pags2001ier-Pags2001PN Hertel, F. Ballance, L.T.i 199982Wing ecomorphology of seabirds from Johnston Atoll Condor 1013549-556 0010-5422 226CGEcomorphology/ Fight/ Laridae/ Phaethontidae/ Procellariidae/ Seabirds/ Sulidae/ Wings/ Eastern tropical pacific/ Flight energetics/ Sooty terns/ Albatrosses/ ModelWing morphology of nine species of seabirds from Johnston Atoll in the central tropical Pacific was analyzed to determine how wing size and shape correlated with observed foraging behavior and, in some species, the energetic cost of flight. Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda) and Christmas Shearwaters (Puffinus nativitatis) had lower wing areas, shorter wing spans, and higher relative wing loading than would be predicted from mass alone. Brown Noddies (Anous stolidus) and Red-footed Boobies (Sula sula) had lower wing loading, Brown Boobies (Sula leucogaster) and Sooty Terns (Sterna fuscata) had higher aspect ratios, and Brown Noddies had lower aspect ratio than would be predicted from mass alone. Aspect ratio showed greater intraspecific variation than the other variables. In most cases, predicted differences in wing morphology correlated well with observed foraging differences among species, and species that did not differ significantly in body mass differed with respect to wing size and shape; these morphological differences reflected varying flight and foraging behaviors. Sooty Terns had a higher aspect ratio and higher wing loading than Brown Noddies reflecting their more pelagic lifestyle, and Christmas Shearwaters had a lower aspect ratio and higher wing loading than Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus) reflecting their pursuit plunging behavior. [References: 36]t(03) Hertel F/Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol/Los Angeles, CA 90095/USA/ /Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol/Los Angeles, CA 90095/USA/ /NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Ecol Program/La Jolla, CA 92037/USA (19) COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Animal Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental ScienceszsShort term bioturbation activity in the lagoonal sediments of Tikehau atoll (Tuamotu archipelago, French Polynesia).Hily, C. Frouin, P.HInt-Rev-Hydrobiol 834L335-347C Incl. bibliogr.: 53 refs.p 1998To quantify bioturbation activity in Tikehau lagoon a tracer made of black basaltic sand was poured over the natural white calcareous sediment surface. Three stations respectively located on the inner flat (-3 m), the inner slope (-9 m), and the lagoon floor (-19 m), were studied for short periods of time (48 hours). Bioturbation by macrofauna was quantified by volume of sediment ejected onto the experimental surface and by volume of tracer incorporated into sediment. The results showed a rapid incorporation of sedimented particles at the interface by way of the funnels and burrows of surface deposit feeders and carnivores. Expelled quantities varied with respect to site location: 213 cm super(3)/m super(2)/24 h in the inner flat; 98.9 cm super(3)/m super(2)/24 h in the inner slope; 7.9 m super(3) /m super(2)/24 h in the lagoon floor. Bioturbation by decapod megafauna appeared to be important in the dynamics of the sediments in the deepest areas of the lagoon. In these areas, with almost no hydrodynamical impacts on sediments, bioturbating events were responsible for sediment mixing (despite lower absolute rates than in shallow area). Hydrodynamics controlled the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrate trophic groups by its effects on sedimentation.ZTZoobenthos-; Bioturbation-; Tropical-lakes; French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu,-Tikehau-AtollPBS Record: 4870eHobson, E.S. Chess, J.R.haTrophic relationships among fishes and plankton in the lagoon at Enewetak atoll, Marshall IslandsFishery Bulletin 1978761133-1537 374olagoon/ Eniwetok/ijdOccurence of trachytes in the substratum of Fangataufa Atoll, Gambier linear chain, French Polynesia@9Honthaas, C. Robin, F. Gachon, A. Guille, G. Maury, R. C.D>C.-R.-Acad.-Sci.-Ser.-2a-Sci.-Terre-Planet.-Earth-Planet.-Sci. 320,4c257-263i 1995Alkaline trachytes containing sodic plagioclase, sanidine, phlogopite, zircon and apatite phenocrysts are described from the volcanic substratum of Fangataufa Atoll, which was previously considered as exclusively basaltic or hawaiitic. They occur as very altered dykes intruding submarine alkali basalt lava flows beneath the lagoon (Mitre 3 drill hole). They bring evidence of the occurrence of crystal fractionation processes leading from alkali basalts to trachytic residual liquids, in a probably short-lived magma chamber.tmatolls-; alkali-basalts; volcanism-; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamoto-Is.,-Fangatau-Atoll; mineralogy-Distribution patterns of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in water, sediment and biota from Midway Atoll (North Pacific Ocean)2+Hope, B. Scatolini, S. Titus, E. Cotter, J.tMar.-Pollut.-Bull.347 548-563P 1997$To increase our understanding of critical pathways of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) transfer from abiotic media into marine organisms, this study quantified 20 PCB congeners in surface water, sediment and tissues of marine biota (macrophytes, snails, urchins, bivalves, sea cucumbers, fishes) taken from Midway Atoll. PCBs 138, 153, 170, 180 and 187 were the most abundant congeners in all samples analysed. Distribution of PCB congeners was shifted in favour of higher (hexa- and above) chlorinated congeners in all species; only aquatic macrophytes displayed significant bioaccumulation of lower (tri- and tetra-) chlorinated congeners. Evidence is presented for the differential metabolism of congeners by marine species. Non-ortho substituted congeners (PCBs 77, 126) with elevated toxic potency were not present at significant levels in the sampled species. Certain mono-ortho congeners (PCBs 105, 118), implicated in marine mammal toxicity, comprised only approximately 4.5% of total congener load in prey for piscivorous birds and marine mammals.2+Pacific-Ocean,-Midway-Atoll; Polychlorinated-Biphenyls; Distribution-; Atolls-; Marine-Animals; Bioaccumulation-; Biological-Magnification; PCB-; pollution-effects; sediment-pollution; chemical-speciation; biota-; pollution-surveys; PCB-compounds; Pacific-Ocean,-Midway-Is.; ISE,-Pacific,-Midway-Is. >iPOSTNATAL EXPOSUREprecipitation- predation- Predators- preservation-PRIMARY PRODUCTION,&primary production/ coral reefs/ atollPLPrimary production/ Kiribati/ equatorial upwelling/ Residence time/ DON/ POCPrimary-productionProchlorococcusProchlorococcus- productionPRODUCTION-RATES productivity PROFILESPROKARYOTIC TRITERPENOIDSProtective-behaviourprotein-phosphatasesPROTEIN-SYNTHESISPROTEIN-SYNTHESIS RATES proteins- Proterozoic-newland-formation Protists protozoaPROTOZOAN BACTERIVORYprotozoan grazing Provenance-Pseudopterogorgia-Pterodroma-hypoleuca Public-health purification- quantitation-PMQUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS/ SOUTHERN-OCEAN/ PHYTOPLANKTON/ COMMUNITY/ SPACE QUANTUM YIELD RADIATIONRadioactive-contaminationRadioactive-falloutRadioactive-materialsradioactive-pollutantsRadioactive-pollutionRadioactive-WastesRadioisotopes- Radiometers-Radiometric-datingRadium-Radioisotopesrain- rainfall-tpRARE-EARTH ELEMENTS/ ISOTOPES/ PACIFIC/ ND-143-ND-144/ PHOSPHORITES/ GEOCHEMISTRY/ SEDIMENTS/ DEPOSITS/ ATLANTIC rare-earths Rare-speciesRATES rates- Rattus-rattus rearing- Recreation- Recruitment- Red-SeaREEF reef corals reef islandREEF ZOOPLANKTON reef-coralsreef-environments Reef-fishReef-fisheries@=REEF-FLAT COMMUNITIES/ PHOSPHATE-UPTAKE/ MASS-TRANSFER/ ATOLLreef-formationREEFS Reefs- RefluxREGIONAL PROCESSES Remediation-remote-sensing replication-report-literature Reproduction-Reproductive-behaviourReproductive-cycle Reptilia-residence-timeResource-management Respiration- RESPONSES rivers- Runoff-Rutilus-rutilus saline-water salinity salinity- salt marsh Samples-Sand- Saponite- SARGASSO SEA SARGASSO-SEA Sargassum-Satellite-sensing scale- Scleractinia-SEASEA CO2 FLUXES sea levelSea surface temperaturessea-plSEA-LEVEL CHANGES/ OXYGEN ISOTOPES/ CORAL REEFS/ ISLAND/ ATOLL/ EVOLUTION/ SEAWATER/ HISTORY/ EUSTASY/ CHAINsea-level fluctuationsSea-level-changessea-level-variationsSea-surface-temperaturesseafloor-spreading seagrassSeagrasses/ Halodule uninervis/ Halodule pinifolia/ Distribution/ Morphological variant/ Ecology/ Malaysia/ Seagrasses/ Wrightii seamounts-$seasonal cycles of temperatureseasonal distributionSeasonal-variation.seasonal-variations SEAWATERseaweed-culture Seaweeds-($Sediment trap/ atoll/ CaCO3/ Pacificsediment-analysissediment-compositionSediment-ContaminationSediment-dynamicssediment-pollutionsediment-propertiessediment-samplessediment-textureSediment-TransportSedimentary-structures sedimentationSedimentation-sedimentology- sediments Sediments-$ sediments/ bacteria/ microflora/seed-productionSeismic-arrays Seismic-data Seismic-wavesselective feeding Serranidae-Sewage-disposal Sex-ratioSexual-behaviour Shellfish-shellfish-cultureSIDEROPHORE PRODUCTIONSILICIC-ACID UPTAKE simulationSINKSsite-selection skeleton-SKELETONEMA-COSTATUMsocial-aspectsSocial-organizationsoil-Solar-lake-sinai solutionSound-production South PacificXRSOUTHERN OSCILLATION/ EQUATORIAL PACIFIC/ TROPICAL PACIFIC/ EL-NINO/ ISLAND/ EVENTpBw\k P W8kF7Ṳ>1qE1!*šDҮDd )+a-=,-ͺ#~r3טFR@'{B ^; Czt{Pmmg.c.ɂ/ዜJݶ%g]zoY  (,)5$l6Dog:ŤMgYyp]ޣU(3"L63=-s#3V+]yjyDX׌򘦚4Vh6joL7HPj;OtG^Y'RO!@e1ls\ q69Gmi_Qg!tًaR#b[= cfBǁ"|8cֱ[F]^vv;)&tB{<ˆ/BiS*f?~f6Жd0fq\/i#; cJ<\lQb\19첑-%0/$J02 ]kY?dk,i, ",JbCVi&9-޴Ku1"mΙQt+nS|d|!׏S'(}@w)kMNc͢oM΃9gHmxа ѿ`|Q`\gy[t$w;; qlhF47 0aJal'K8L:e5#sQ} 'ЇRT=(EY‰̏$=\nr锓q8x rufa/]=3[z,,ZXU2=I3㷳uCT^1qiX#K5Ւk1d#ج4wCTnĭ3/ uMq\X(d%+*}cG ckm= * ;-*ouhp8Y EBjkgM(\1˃#M@IdعKth"k 8xW97$e+:LZ aK3!8ɗdshl/}¶"0?f3-p阦:Y>L*Zdjb\ZmZOP z;J1[3S%@7 "ǥ(@:kvC0}THE0\\qA VOBioconcentration of chlorinated biphenyls in biota from the North Pacific Oceana& Hope, B. Scatolini, S. Titus, E. ChemosphereR366  1247-1261  1998This study examined polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener bioconcentration patterns in tissues of marine biota (macrophytes, urchins, mollusks, sea cucumbers, fishes) at Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean. Calculated mean lipid-normalized logarithmic bioconcentration factors (log BCF sub(L)) for PCB congeners in various marine species ranged from 3.75 to 6.97. The relationship between log BCF sub(L) and the logarithmic n-octanol-water partition coefficient (log K sub(ow)) can be adequately described by species-specific parabolic models wherein log BCF sub(L) generally increases then decreases with increases in log K sub(ow). With the exception of a bilinear model, a variety of hydrophobicity models were generally not successful in closely predicting measured tissue residue concentrations as a function of log K sub(ow). There is no evidence of a consistent pattern of progressive increase in bioconcentration of PCB congeners with increasing trophic level in this nearshore aquatic ecosystem.d^PCB-compounds; Biota-; Marine-organisms; Tissues-; Bioaccumulation-; Pacific-Ocean,-Midway-Atoll; Trophic-levels; Macrophytes-; Mollusca-; Pisces-; PCB-; Pacific-Ocean,-Midway-Atoll; Polychlorinated-Biphenyls; Tissue-Analysis; Water-Pollution-Effects; Mollusks-; Atolls-; Fish-; Marine-pollution; Pollution-surveys; Mollusca-; Pisces-; ISE,-Midway-I.2+Hutchings, Pat A. Peyrot-Clausade, Mireille 2002~wThe distribution and abundance of boring species of polychaetes and sipunculans in coral substrates in French Polynesia{82Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 2691101-121 2002/3/15leThe distribution and abundance of the dominant initial macroborers of dead coral substrate, sipunculans and polychaetes were investigated over time at seven sites within French Polynesia. Sites were located in the lagoon of high islands and atolls, and varied from highly eutrophic to oligotrophic. Significant differences occurred between sites and patterns of recruitment varied over time and between sites. With increasing exposure, the densities of polychaetes increased but not the number of species present, whereas both the densities and number of species of sipunculans increased. The atoll sites tended to be dominated by suspension feeding polychaetes and the high island sites by deposit feeding polychaetes. Sipunculans tended to dominate the high island sites in comparison to the atoll sites and they all fed by scraping algae and detritus from the substrate. We suggest that this distribution of feeding types is related to water quality and to land run off. In the atolls, the lagoonal waters are oligotrophic and little land run off occurs, whereas at the high island sites, high rates of land run off occur during the wet season with high levels of suspended material in the water column.These variations in densities of boring species, affect rates of bioerosion and have the potential to alter the equilibrium between reef growth and reef destruction. We suggest that it is critical for reef managers to try to maintain water quality and limit land-based terrestrial run off and associated nutrients into coastal waters. This is especially important if the reefs have been affected by bleaching events or Crown of Thorns plagues, resulting in extensive death of coral colonies and with it, the potential for a massive increase in the rate of bioerosion. The long-term maintenance of the reef structure is critical if coral recruitment and recovery of the reef are to occur.hrkTY - JOUR, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T8F-44YF8N8-2/1/925f1689613be40c77d4ea67cc1c321ec EC264Population characteristics of the mole crab, Hippa adactyla Fabricius, in the intertidal sediment at Kavaratti Atoll, Lakshadweep islandsPBC.-R.-Acad.-Sci.-Ser.-2a-Sci.-Terre-Planet.-Earth-Planet.-Sci. 322o3-205-212l 1996Concentration patterns of rare earth elements have been determined in a core sampled in a cyanobacterial mat (kopara) from Tikehau Atoll (Tuamotu). These patterns show the marine origin of the analyzed elements. Enrichments in the kopara have been calculated with regard to concentrations of rare earth elements in two water columns from the Pacific Occan. They would indicate, with the cerium anomaly, that the marine water which fed the kopara originated from Antarctic Intermediate Water. These results support the impiication of endo-upwelling as the mechanism of supplying REE and nutrients to the kopara and the filiation kopara-insular phosphorites.rare-earths; atolls-; water-column; upwelling-; phosphorite-; Cyanophyta-; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Tikehau-Atoll; cerium-Johannes, R.E. 1967D=Ecology of organic aggregates in the vicinity of a coral reef3Limnol.Oceanogr.122/189-195p 340\PBS Record: 4540sLEPOM/ zooplankton/ mucus/ export/ Eniwetok/ atoll/ Pacific/aggregates/. EC75"Johannes, R.E. Gerber, R.P., 1974LEImport and export of net plankton by an Eniwetok coral reef communityn0)Proc. 2nd Int. Coral Reef Symp., Brisbaneo1\ 97-104 373PBS Record: 4860t"zooplankton/ atoll/ Pacific1 EC129 Johnson, M.W.l 1954XQPlankton of Northern Marshall Islands, Bikini and Nearby Atolls, Marshall Islandsr88PBS Record: 3300p EC276bb[Persistent synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbons in albatross tissue samples from Midway AtolleJones, P. D. Hannah, D. J. Buckland, S. J. Day, P. J. Leathem, S. V. Porter, L. J. Auman, H. J. Sanderson, J. T. Summer, C. Ludwig, J. P. Colborn, T. L. Giesy, J. P.eEnviron.-Toxicol.-Chem.o1510 1793-1800p 1996Anthropogenic organic contaminants have been found in even the most remote locations. To assess the global distribution and possible effects of such contaminants, we examined the tissues of two species of albatross collected from Midway Atoll in the central North Pacific Ocean. These birds have an extensive feeding range covering much of the subtropical and northern Pacific Ocean. Anthropogenic contaminants were found at relatively great concentrations in these birds. The sum of 19 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners ranged from 177 ng/g wet weight in eggs to 2,750 ng/g wet weight in adult fat. Total toxic equivalents (TEQs) derived from polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) ranged from 17.2 to 297 pg/g wet weight in the same tissues, while the inclusion of TEQs from PCBs increased these values to 48.4 and 769 pg/g wet weight, respectively. While contaminant concentrations varied between species and tissues, the contaminant profile was relatively uniform. The profile of contaminants detected was unusual in that much of the TEQs was contributed by two pentachlorinated congeners (2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzofuran and 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin), and the profiles of PCB congeners did not match known sources. When compared to other studies the concentrations detected in the Midway Atoll samples were near or above the thresholds known to cause adverse effects in other fish-eating bird species. chlorinated-hydrocarbons; aquatic-ecosystems; Pacific-Ocean,-North; Diomedea-; North-Pacific-Ocean; tissues-; pollutant-persistence; tissue-analysis; birds-; bioaccumulation-; atolls-; pollution-effects; water-pollution; marine-pollution; marine-birds; Diomedea-; IN,-North-Pacific4.Jones, G. Whitaker, F. Smart, P. Sanford, W. 2000rkNumerical modelling of geothermal and reflux circulation in Enewetak Atoll: implications for dolomitization("Journal of Geochemical Exploration 69-70K 71-75K2,Geothermal; Reflux; Enewetak; DolomitizationTwo types of regional-scale seawater circulation have been proposed to explain the formation of Enewetak Atoll dolomites: geothermal and reflux circulation. We have used a finite element groundwater flow model to examine the pattern, magnitude and dynamic interaction of these two different circulation mechanisms in Enewetak Atoll. Geothermal circulation is concentrated around the atoll-margin whereas refluxing mesosaline brines flow from the atoll interior towards the margin to restrict and eventually shut off geothermal circulation. Refluxing brines of 3680 can account for the salinity signature recorded in dolomite fluid inclusions. Distributions of fluid flux and Mg mass-balance calculations suggest that both geothermal and reflux circulation mechanisms could account for the observed distribution of dolomite in Enewetak Atoll. Furthermore, the atoll interior may be extensively dolomitized as observed in other atolls. EC60'a School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK b School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK c US Geological Survey, MS 430, Reston, VA 20192, USA0 l Leis, J.M. 1994ZTCoral Sea Atoll Lagoons - Closed Nurseries for the Larvae of a Few Coral Reef Fishes Bulletin of Marine Science541206-227 0007-4977 1307PBS Record: 460jdGREAT-BARRIER-REEF/ HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION/ LIZARD ISLAND/ AUSTRALIA/ PATTERNS/ POPULATIONS/ PISCESLagoons of two western Coral Sea atolls (Osprey and Holmes Reefs) were sampled with oblique bongo-net tows and neuston tows a total of three times over 3 years. Equivalent samples were taken in the ocean nearby. Concentrations of oceanic larvae in the lagoons were 13-14% of concentrations in the ocean, but oceanic taxa constituted less than 1% of the larvae captured in the lagoons. Concentrations (number.m-3) and abundances (number.m-2) of shorefish larvae were 4-10 times higher in the lagoon than in the ocean, but larvae of more shorefish taxa were found in the ocean. In the lagoons catches were heavily dominated by larvae of apogonids, clupeids, gobiids, pomacentrids and schindleriids. Taxonomic composition in the lagoons varied little. Based on presence/absence, and sizes of the larvae captured, only 33 taxa (of 15 families) complete or probably complete their pelagic larval period within these atoll lagoons. These include (number of species where larvae were identified below family level): Apogonidae (9), Atherinidae (2), Belonidae (1), Blenniidae (4), Bythitidae (1), Clupeidae (1), Gobiidae, Hemiramphidae, Lutjanidae (1), Microdesmidae (1), Nemipteridae (1), Pempherididae (1), Pomacentridae (3), Pseudochromidae (4), Schindleriidae (1), Tripterygiidae. In contrast, many reef fishes (from 31 families) were found not to complete their pelagic phase in the lagoons. Thus, only a few fish taxa are capable of completing their life cycles in atoll lagoons, but larvae of most of those that do are abundant. These taxa have predominately closed populations, demonstrating that, contrary to the current paradigm, not all coral reef fishes live in predominately open populations. Although these taxa have closed lagoonal populations over ecological time scales, the wide distribution of the taxa and the ephemeral nature of atoll lagoons make it unlikely they have closed populations over evolutionary time scales.y(03) JM Leis/Australian Museum/Div Vertebrate Zool/Fishes Sect/POB A285/Sydney/NSW 2000, Australia (42) English Article EC1971`YIn situ swimming speeds of the late pelagic larvae of some Indo-Pacific coral-reef fishes &Leis, J. M. Carson-Ewart, B. M.r$Marine-Ecology-Progress-Series 159165-174  1997RKSwimming speeds of the late-stage, pelagic larvae of coral-reef fishes were measured in situ near Lizard Island on Australia's Great Barrier Reef, and Rangiroa Atoll, Tuamotu Islands, French Polynesia during 1995-96. Larvae were captured with light traps and crest nets, and released individually in open water. They were then followed by SCUBA divers, normally for 10 min, and their speed was measured with a modified plankton-net flow meter and a stop watch. Swimming speeds of 260 larvae of 50 species in 15 families of mostly perciform reef fishes are presented. Most measurements were for pomacentrids (8 genera, 16 species, 127 individuals), apogonids (1 genus, similar to 5 species, 18 individuals), chaetodontids (3 genera, 8 species, 49 individuals), lethrinids (1 genus, similar to 4 species, 11 individuals), nemipterids (1 genus, 2 species, 10 individuals), serranids (2 genera, 2 species, 14 individuals) and acanthurids (2 genera, similar to 4 species, 13 individuals). Numbers of individuals per species ranged from 1 to 25. Speeds were remarkably high for such small fishes (0.7 to 5.5 cm). Average speed was 20.6 cm/s (range 2 to 65), or 13.7 body lengths/s (range 2 to 34). SE for species with n >4 ranged from 0.8 to 5.3 cm/s (4.1 to 25.0% of mean speed), but speed of the fastest individual of each species averaged 144% of mean speed. Reef-fish; Fish-larvae; Swimming-; Velocity-; Body-size; Coral-reefs; Pomacentridae-; Apogonidae-; Chaetodontidae-; Lethrinidae-; Nemipteridae-; Serranidae-; Acanthuridae-; ISEW,-Australia,-Queensland,-Great-Barrier-Reef; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.Replenishment of fish populations in the enclosed lagoon of Taiaro Atoll: (Tuamotu Archipelgo, French Polynesia) evidence from eggs and larvae60Leis, J. M. Trnski, T. Doherty, P. J. Dufour, V. Coral-Reefsn171 1-8 1998Taiaro Atoll lagoon is normally isolated from the ocean, but at least 125 marine fish species of 31 families are present there. We sampled fish larvae in Taiaro Lagoon and the nearby ocean in February 1994 with plankton net, neuston net and light trap to investigate which taxa were completing their life cycles in the lagoon. Concentrations of fish eggs and larvae were very high in the lagoon indicating intense spawning, but larvae of only 18 taxa of 10 families were present. Only six, a callionymid, gobiids, a hemiramphid, a microdesmid, and two pomacentrids, were present across a full range of pelagic sizes, and were clearly completing their pelagic stage in the lagoon. Four other taxa, an apogonid, two labrids and a scarid, were common, but the largest individuals were small (<5mm) postflexion larvae. These may have been completing their pelagic stage in the lagoon. The remaining lagoonal larvae (eight taxa) were rare and at the preflexion stage, so we could only conclude that they hatched from eggs spawned in the lagoon. Nineteen taxa of 15 families found as adults in the lagoon were present outside the lagoon as larvae, but not inside, suggesting that they may not normally complete their life cycles in the lagoon. Horizontal distributions of larvae in the lagoon are apparently due to the interaction of larval vertical distribution behaviour with a wind-driven countercurrent system.Marine-fish; Fish-larvae; Recruitment-; Coral-reefs; Life-cycle; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamotu-Is.,-Taiaro-Atoll,-Taiaro-Lagoon,nD=Juillet-Leclerc, A. Montaggioni, L. Pichon, M. Gattuso, J. P. 1997Effects of calcification patterns on the oxygen isotope composition of the skeleton of the scleractinian coral Acropora formosa Oceanol.-Acta204645-658coral-; calcification-; skeleton-; oxygen-isotope-ratio; palaeoclimatology-; Acropora-formosa; ISEW,-Australia,-Queensland,-Great-Barrier-Reef,-Younge-ReefOxygen isotope ratios were measured along the growth axis of branches of the scleractinian coral Acropora formosa collected at 2 and 12 metre depths at Yonge Reef (Northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia). Measurements were made between two reference points separated by a distance corresponding to a growth period of six months, from mid-winter to mid-summer. For each of the two reference points, information concerning the environmental parameters controlling the development of the coral colonies was collected in situ. The variability of the isotopic values recorded from coral skeletons grown in identical physical and chemical conditions cannot be ascribed to technical problems, but may rather be induced by calcification mechanisms. In order to define the influence of calcification processes on oxygen isotopic composition, a simple mathematical model is developed, simulating the behaviour of oxygen isotopes. According to Gladfelterts studies (1982, 1983, 1984), we infer that the main factors affecting the isotopic ratio of skeletal aragonite in the scleractinian coral Acropora genus are on the one hand the initial quantity of aragonite deposited at the apical part of the branch and consequently the relative amount of primary and secondary aragonite infilling residual pores during coral growth, and on the other hand, the duration of the secondary aragonite infilling. Comparisons between the measured and the calculated isotopic profiles reveal that differences in calcification processes account for isotopic discrepancies encountered in the different colonies analysed. This study stresses that care must be taken when using the oxygen isotope composition of coral skeleton as a paleoenvironmental proxy.jcDistribution of the juvenile coconut crab, Birgus latro (L.), on the island of Lifou, New Caledonia6 Kadiri-Jan, T. Chauvet, C. Ecoscience5m2 275-278  1998The objective of this study was to examine the distribution of juvenile coconut crab Birgus latro (L.). The field research was conducted on the terrace of the eastern part of the island of Lifou in the Loyalty Islands. The terrace, which was once the surrounding reef, has since been raised along with the raising of the atoll. Located between the ocean and the former reef crown, which is now the cliff, the terrace encircles the island. Juvenile crabs were only found under coconut piles at the foot of coconut trees. The largest juvenile crabs collected had a thoracic length (TL) of 28 mm. The number of crabs in coconut piles decreased rapidly above 23 mm TL, which is approximately the size of sexual maturity. No adults were found under coconut piles, as their principal habitat was in burrows located in the calcareous rock beyond the terrace. The smallest juvenile crabs were found near the ocean and the largest close to the cliff face. During their first terrestrial stages, juvenile coconut crabs carried 3 kinds of terrestrial gastropod shells according to their size. Those with a TL of less than 2 mm mostly chose Draparnaudia sp., those with a TL between 2 and 4 mm preferred Achatina fulicaand those between 4 and 7 mm used A. fulica and Placostylus sp. shells with a preference for the latter. All crabs captured < 7 mm TL had a shell, as opposed to all those over 7.8 mm TL which no longer did.rhbCrab-fisheries; Juveniles-; Distribution-; Birgus-latro; ISEW,-New-Caledonia,-Loyalty-I.,-Lifou-I.PBS Record: 450Kaladharan, P. Raj, I.D.{Primary production of seagrass Cymodocea serrulata and its contribution to productivity of Amini atoll, Lakshadweep Islands(!Indian journal of marine sciencesd 198918215-216" 1044"Photosynthesis/oxygen budget^XPrimary productivity of seaweeds in the lagoon of Minicoy Atoll of Laccadive Archipelago Kaladharan, P. Kandan, S.rSeaweed-Res.-Utilisation19 1-2. 25-28, 1997Net primary production (NPP) of 10 commonly available seaweeds varied from 2 to 10 g C/m3/day. The NPP of Enteromorpha compressa and Hypnea valentiae were the highest and that of Caulerpa peltata was the lowest. The mean of NPP of these 10 seaweeds when measured individually was 5.68 g C/m super(2)/d. Hence it is presumed that the probable rate of NPP of seaweed community contributing to Minicoy lagoon is approximately 5g/C/m super(3)/d. Except for C. peltata, E. compressa and Gelidiella acerosa. The NPP of other species was higher at bottom than at the surface of the lagoon. The results obtained are discussed in the light of distribution of seaweed in Minicoy lagoon.primary-production; seaweeds-; atoll-lagoons; biomass-; Enteromorpha-compressa; Hypnea-valentiae; Caulerpa-peltata; ISW,-India,-Laccadive-Is.,-Minicoy-Atoll ^The evolution of a Holocene fringing reef and island: Reefal environmental sequence and sea level change in Tonaki Island, the central Ryukyus:4Kan, H. Hori, N. Kawana, T. Kaigara, T. Ichikawa, K.Atoll-Res.-Bull.443-449l 443i 1-20 1997Within the Indo-Pacific region Holocene reef development over the last 6000 yBP has occurred during a near stable sea level period. In particular, development of reef flat and related features have been associated with the stillstand. This is illustrated by the Holocene evolution of a reef in the Japanese Ryukyu Islands. A continuous reef structure, 8 m in thickness and 630 m in length, was observed from a fresh excavation in a modern fringing reef in the western part of Tonaki Island of the central Ryukyu Islands. Documented by 34 radiocarbon ages, the reef first reached a relative sea level of ca. 1 m above the present level at about 5200 yBP by growth of branching Acropora thickets, and by accumulation of angular clasts of tabular Acropora at the landward side. Storm features occur within all the observed reef structure and suggest that the reef has been continuously affected by high-energy events for at least 5500 yBP. The topographic outline of the modern fringing reef was formed at an early stage of sea level stillstands affected by wind, climate, and substrate topography. Delayed closure of the "Holocene high energy window" resulted in vigorous reef growth on the landward side. The reef flat accreted seaward about 400 m during the last 4500 yBP with the development of spurs and grooves. The growth environment shifted from a sheltered to a wave-affected condition during the seaward accretion of the reef flat. Reduced colony sizes of tabular Acropora and decreased upward reef growth rates also occurred at about this time. With the seaward accretion, the shoreward grooves became isolated and infilled by rounded clasts. Radiocarbon age from an early archeological feature (Touma and Oshiro 1979) indicates that the formation of a Holocene tombolo is closely tied to sea level fall around 3500 yBP. This sea level fall and sufficient development of wave resistant structures at the reef edge, provided shore protection and contributed to tombolo stability.~Holocene-; Fringing-reefs; Coral-reefs; Sea-level-changes; Tombolos-; Acropora-; ISEW,-Japan,-Nansei-Shoto,-Okinawa,-Tonaki-I.zsCoral reef ecosystems as a source of atmospheric CO sub(2): evidence from PCO sub(2) measurements of surface waterss& Kawahata, H. Suzuki, A. Goto, K. Coral-Reefsa164n261-266t 1997>8Precise measurements of the partial pressure of CO sub(2) (PCO sub(2)) in oceanic and lagoonal surface waters from Palau Barrier Reef and Majuro Atoll were taken to ascertain the net effect of these coral reef systems on air-sea CO sub(2) exchange. PCO sub(2) in the surface water in the lagoon of Palau Barrier Reef and Majuro Atoll was 48 and 14 mu atm higher than in the surrounding oceanic water, respectively. A total carbon dioxide vs. total alkalinity diagram indicates that calcification is mainly responsible for CO sub(2) evasion in these coral reef systems.Atolls-; Oceanic-islands; Barrier-reefs; Coral-reefs; Ecosystems-; Atmospheric-gases; Dissolved-gases; Carbon-dioxide; Air-water-exchanges; Calcification-; Carbon-cycle; ISEW,-Pacific,-Marshall-Is.,-Majuro-Atoll; ISEW,-Pacific,-Caroline-Is.,-Palau-Is.2+Physical processes in an Indian Ocean atollO Kench, P. S. Coral-Reefs172155-168o 1998Detailed measurements of water levels, and tide and wave-induced currents were undertaken to examine physical processes and their relationship with morphology in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, a medium sized atoll in the Indian Ocean. Results indicate that the atoll structure controls both lagoon circulation and the spatial pattern of energy distribution. Lagoon circulation is tide dominated (currents 16-31 cms super(-1)) with flushing (2-5 days) of the lagoon occurring through the deep leeward passages. Wave- and tide-driven undirectional flows through shallow passages (26-65 cms super(-1)) are important mechanisms of ocean to lagoon water exchange and contribute up to 24% of the lagoon neap tide prism. Reef flats are dominated by wave energy (maximum velocity 140 cms super(-1), east) with measurements of the attenuation of wave energy between reef flats and shallow lagoon (80-90%) conforming to measurements from fringing and barrier reefs. Spectral analysis shows that the characteristics of wave energy vary on different sectors of the atoll, with gravity wave energy dominating the east, and infragravity wave energy dominating the southern reef flat and passages. Wave setup at the reef crest is considered to be responsible for an identified 0.1 m higher water level in the southern as opposed to eastern and northern atoll, which promotes higher reef flat growth. Transmission of gravity waves across reef flats requires threshold water depths of 0.65 (east) and 0.70 m (south). The higher southern reef is an effective filter of gravity wave energy for most tidal elevations. Differences in the type and magnitude of physical processes within the atoll are discussed with relation to geomorphic development on Cocos.XRAtolls-; Water-currents; Water-level-measurement; ISW,-Australia,-Cocos-Keeling-I. : Characteristics of epilithic and endolithic algal turf exposed to different levels of bioerosion in French Polynesian coral reefsl60Le-Bris, S. Le-Camion-Alsumard, T. Romano, J. C. Oceanol-Acta215s695-708c 1998This study deals with the colonisation of experimental Porites blocks by epilithic and endolithic algal community in two atoll lagoons and two high-island lagoons in French Polynesia, exposed to different environmental conditions during a 5-year period. A qualitative analysis of the community (cyanobacteria and micro-algae) was carried out, and the relationship between the epilithic and endolithic strata observed. HPLC analysis of chlorophyll pigments was used to quantitatively determine the plant biomass, which was then compared to that of the algal turf of neighbouring reefs. The results show that these blocks are colonised according to two factors: the reef structure (atoll or high-island) and the degree of human disturbance. The epilithic and endolithic population dynamics differ.The density of the epilithic algal community and the species diversity increase with the degree of eutrophication and the amount of borers (sea-urchins, parrotfish), while the proportion of endolithic species remains low (34 %-59 %). This is especially marked in the high-island lagoons, where leaching has caused enhanced nutrient levels. An extreme case is the station at Faaa, a highly polluted harbour, where increased sea-urchin levels (44 ind. m super(-2) meant that the blocks disappeared completely in less than five years due to bioerosion. In the oligotrophic waters of the atoll lagoons, the losses of CaCO sub(3) by bioerosion do not exceed 35 % per block, and the algal community is made up mainly of endolithic species (66 %-85 %). The algal biomass is lowest in the Takapoto atolls (10-11 mu u g cm super(-2) and maximum in Tikehau atoll (23 and 56 mu u g cm super(-2). The first microborers to settle in the ecological succession of the community are the cyanobacteria. These are gradually replaced by Ostreobium (Chlorophyceae borers), which become dominant in the blocks exposed to the lowest bioerosion rate. The richness and the density of the algal turf reflect the convergence of many ecological factors: it seems that the covering of epilithic algae or the richness of endolithic flora could be used as a global indicator of the quality and the health of a reef.tmCoral-reefs; Bioerosion-; Eutrophication-; Lagoons-; Algal-settlements; Chlorophyceae-; ISE,-French-Polynesia:4Leclerc, A.-M. Jean-Baptiste, P. Texier, D. Broc, D. 1999PIDensity-induced water circulation in atoll coral reefs: a numerical study{ Limnology and Oceanography4452 1268-1281C EC206Controls on facies architecture of a large Triassic carbonate platform: The Great Bank of Guizhou, Nanpanjiang Basin, South China,%Lehrmann, D. J. Wei, Jiayong Enos, P.TNJournal-of-Sedimentary-Research-Section-A:-Sedimentary-Petrology-and-Processes682e311-326 1998 Z SThe Great Bank of Guizhou (GBG) is an exceptionally well exposed isolated Triassic platform in the Nanpanjiang Basin of South China. The platform is exhumed with its depositional profile preserved and is dissected by a faulted syncline that exposes a complete and uncomplicated cross section providing a unique opportunity to evaluate mechanisms involved in its birth, evolution, and demise. The GBG formed near the southern margin of the Yangtze Platform during a deepening event that expanded the Nanpanjiang Basin and drowned the region surrounding the GBG in the latest Permian. Initial accumulation of the GBG began in the latest Permian with small reef mounds and open-marine skeletal packstones. Following the end-Permian extinction, cyanobacterial boundstones grew over the bank top. During the Early Triassic the GBG developed a low-relief bank profile with mobile oolite shoals at the margin, shallow-subtidal and peritidal deposits in the interior, and gentle slopes dominated by pelagics, debris-flow deposits, and turbidites at the basin margin. In the Middle Triassic (Anisian) the GBG developed a progressively steepening profile rimmed with massive Tubiphytes reefs. The platform was flat topped with tidal-flat deposits across the interior. Basin-margin deposition was dominated by turbidites and debris-flow deposits but eventually shifted to avalanche and rock-fall deposits as the slopes steepened to the angle of repose. In the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) an erosional escarpment up to 1700 m high developed at the margin. Platform-margin strata are bedded packstones similar to interior strata, whereas breccias at the basin margin contain coral-boundstone clasts suggesting erosion of reefs from the escarpment. A restricted subtidal lagoon formed in the interior, producing an atoll-like morphology. Later, a flat-topped profile was restored as tidal flats spread across the interior. In the beginning of the Late Triassic deepening contributed to termination of the GBG before siliciclastic turbidites and shales were deposited over the platform. In contrast with the well known platforms of the Dolomites of northern Italy, the GBG contains abundant muddy carbonates and a progressively steepening bank to reef-rimmed and escarpment architecture. The Italian platforms contain little mud and have angle-of-repose, pinnacle geometries. The GBG's larger size increased mud production and protected it from extensive winnowing of mud, which in turn resulted in off-bank shedding of muddy sediments that were stable on relatively gentle, basin-margin slopes which progressively steepened and ultimately led to avalanche deposits and a high-relief erosional escarpment. In contrast, the lesser mud content of the Dolomites platforms forced avalanche and talus deposition to dominate throughout deposition of basin margins, which in turn produced their angle-of-repose geometries.Atolls-; Carbonate-sediments; Dolomite-; Coastal-erosion; Platforms-geology; Triassic-; Tidal-deposits; China,-People'-s-Rep.,-Nanpanjiang-Basin,-Great-Bank-of-Guizhou( lfPhysical controls on development of lagoon sand deposits and lagoon infilling in an Indian Ocean atoll Kench, P. S."Journal-of-Coastal-Research 143F 1014-1024c 1998JDLagoon infill from autochthonous sediment, derived from reef flats, is the dominant constructional processes in coral reef environments once reefs attain a stable elevation with respect to sea-level. Tide- and wave-induced currents were measured and the hydraulic response of bioclastic sediments examined to assess physical controls on development of lagoon sand bodies and infill of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands atoll, Indian Ocean. Results show that the sediment transport system is active during mean energy conditions. Peak wave-induced currents (140 cms super(-1) east, 97 cms super(-1) south) entrain 100% and 97% of reef flat sediment respectively. Potential mobility values decrease through shallow passages (100%, 73% east and south) to sand aprons/flats (73%, 11%, east and south) and shallow lagoon (11% PM) reflecting the lagoonward decline in wave-induced current energy. Unidirectional ocean-side reef flat to lagoon currents transport sediment through passages to sand bodies. This study identifies a hydrodynamic block, generated by opposing passage and lagoon currents at higher tidal stages, preventing the transport of sediment to the shallow lagoon. This is of great significance as it constrains the active sediment transport system between the reef flat and sand bodies and controls the areal expansion of sand bodies. Measured higher rates of sediment transport on the east and deposition in a spatially limited area are responsible for vertical accretion of sand aprons and the development of the flood delta morphology. Lower rates of transport and deposition in a greater spatial area are responsible for the subtidal nature and low relief of southern sand flats. Physical constraints on sand body development and lateral extent have several important implications for infilling the Cocos lagoon: 1) sand aprons have reached their lateral progradation limit; 2) lagoon infill will become more dependent on allochthonous supplies of sediment than autochthonous delivery of reef flat produced sediments; 3) lagoon infilling will take much longer than 4 000 years as indicated by Guppy (1889).Indian-Ocean,-Cocos-I.; Lagoons-; Sand-; Atolls-; Reefs-; Sediment-Transport; Energy-; Hydrodynamics-; Deposition-; Deltaic-sedimentation; Coastal-morphologyVOA currents of removal approach for interpreting carbonate sedimentary processes  Kench, P. S. Mar.-Geol. 145u 3-4 197-223a 1998This study develops a currents of removal methodology to examine and quantify the nature of physical transport processes affecting the formation of bioclastic deposits in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, an Indian Ocean atoll. This approach is based on the hydraulic settling and threshold of entrainment characteristics of bioclastic deposits and measured current energy. Potential mobility (PM) analysis of 157 samples quantifies the proportion of deposits able to be transported in each geomorphic zone. Results show that under mean energy conditions wave-induced currents entrain and transport sediment within the atoll and show that transport of sediment is not solely reliant on storm energy conditions. Gradients of PM values are used to reconstruct sediment transport pathways from the reef flat (85-100% PM), through shallow passages (75-100% PM) to sand aprons (50-75% PM) and shallow (0-20% PM) and deep lagoon (0% PM). Comparison of settling velocity distributions of bed material and sediment retained in sediment trap experiments show that actual mobility levels correspond with PM estimates. Potential mobility analysis also identifies the immobile portions of deposits which increase lagoonward. Constituent analysis of immobile fractions and analysis of settling frequency distributions are used to differentiate the importance of physical and biological processes in the formation of deposits throughout Cocos and identify the role of each geomorphic zone in the transport system. The pattern of sediment is controlled by physical processes between the reef flat, the primary sediment production zone, with sediment transported through the shallow passage conduits to the sand aprons. The formation of shallow and deep lagoon deposits is controlled by autochthonous sediment production and storm deposition. Potential mobility analysis is a powerful tool enabling physical transport processes within bioclastic sedimentary environments to be quantified. The ability to examine an individual deposit's hydraulic behaviour and development also enables depositional processes to be examined at a much finer resolution than previously attempted using conventional textural approaches.Carbonates-; Sedimentation-; Atolls-; Sediment-Transport; Marine-geology; Carbonate-sediments; Sedimentology-; Sediment-dynamicsd^PCB contamination relative to age for a Pacific damselfish, Abudefduf sordidus (Pomacentridae)*$Kerr, L. M. Lang, K. L. Lobel, P. S.D=Biological-Bulletin,-Marine-Biological-Laboratory,-Woods-HoleK 193 2-279-281, 1997Coral reef fishes grow rapidly during the first and second years of their life, attaining from 50% to 87% of their adult size. During this period, growth is determined by various density-dependent and environmental factors. Once a fish reaches maturity, somatic growth slows dramatically as energy is allocated for reproduction. The combination of these factors often produces fishes of different ages for a given size. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were highly variable in tissues of adult damselfish of about the same size collected from the same area at Johnston Atoll. These fish were aged to determine if there was a correlation with contaminant concentration. The hypothesis is that age equals exposure time, and therefore older fish are predicted to contain higher contaminant levels. Adult damselfish, Abudefduf sordidus were collected to determine if PCBs sorbed to sediments were accumulating in their tissues.b[Polychlorinated-Biphenyls; Sediments-; Fish-; Atolls-; Contamination-; Water-Pollution-Effects; Tissue-Analysis; PCB-compounds; Tissues-; Pisces-; Coral-reefs; Age-; Marine-organisms; Bioaccumulation-; Adudefduf-sordidus; Pacific-Ocean,-Johnston-Atoll; PCB-; Pollution-effects; Age-groups; Body-size; Abudefduf-sordidus; ISE,-Pacific,-Johnston-Is.lPBS Record: 7620 Kimmerer, W. Walsh, T.W.XQTarawa atoll lagoon : circulation, Nutrient fluxes, and the impact of human waste Micronesica 198117 1-2161-179s 1335RLPrimary production/ Kiribati/ equatorial upwelling/ Residence time/ DON/ POC*zHydroxylated and methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in albatrosses from Midway Atoll, North Pacific OceanKlasson-Wehler, E. Bergman, Aa Athanasiadou, M. Ludwig, J. P. Auman, H. J. Kannan, K. Van-Den-Berg, M. Murk, A. J. Feyk, L. A. Giesy, J. P.s,&Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry178e 1620-1625. 1998Concentrations of hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (OH-PCBs) and methylsulfonyl metabolites of PCBs (MeSO sub(2)-PCBs) were determined in plasma and liver of albatrosses collected from the Midway Atoll in the central North Pacific Ocean. The mean total concentrations of OH-PCBs in plasma of Laysan albatrosses (Diomedia immutabilis) and black-footed albatrosses (Diomedia nigripes) were 11.5 and 27.1 ng/g wet weight, respectively. Total concentrations of OH-PCBs were only one- to fivefold less than those of total PCBs. 4-hydroxy-2,2',3,4',5,5',6-heptachlorinated biphenyl and 4-hydroxy-2,2',3,4'5,5'-hexachlorinated biphenyl were the predominant polychlorinated biphenylols, constituting 70 to 90% of the total OH-PCBs. Concentrations of MeSO sub(2)-PCBs in liver were between 10.6 and 77 ng/g, lipid weight, approximately 250 times less than those of total PCBs. The MeSO sub(2)-PCBs congeners retained in the liver were dominated by those having the methylsulfonyl group in the 3-position.haPCB-; Plasma-; Liver-; Pacific-Ocean,-Midway-Atoll; Metabolites-; Bioaccumulation-; Avian-physiology; Marine-birds; North-Pacific-Ocean,-Midway-Atoll; Polychlorinated-Biphenyls; Atolls-; Organic-Compounds; Birds-; Water-Pollution-Effects; Pollution-effects; PCB-compounds; Diomedia-nigripes; Diomedia-immutabilis; Diomedea-nigripes; Diomedea-immutabilis<5Primary organic productivity of a Hawaiian coral reef Kohn, A. J. Helfrich, P.Limnol.-Oceanogr.2 3g241-251e 1957<5Primary organic productivity was determined by measuring changes in oxygen concentration of sea water flowing over a fringing coral reef at Kapaa, Kauai, Hawaii. Prevalence of a rather strong, unidirectional current facilitated use of this method. Determinations were made both in summer (July) and winter (November). The reef is autotrophic, as were two previously studied atoll reefs in the Marshall Islands. Gross primary productivity is about 2,900 g C/m super(2)/yr. This is in impressive agreement with results obtained on the atoll reefs, which are the only previous measurements of coral reef productivity. All three results are considerably higher than determinations of productivity of open ocean waters. The authors attribute this difference to photosynthesis by benthic algae on the coral reef platform (DBO).RLCoral-reefs; Primary-production; Carbon-cycle; Energy-flow; INE,-USA,-Hawaii 15635-15653,LFKraines, S. B. Suzuki, A. Yanagi, T. Isobe, M. Guo, X. Y. Komiyama, H.ngRapid water exchange between the lagoon and the open ocean at Majuro Atoll due to wind, waves, and tidevLECORAL-REEF; MASS-TRANSFER; CIRCULATION; PHOSPHATE; COMMUNITY; PACIFICeCurrent measurements and conductivity-temperature-depth surveys of the lagoon and ocean at Majuro Atoll, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, were made from January 10 to 24, 1997. A vertically integrated tidal current model reproduced qualitatively well tidal ellipses calculated from the observed current measurements py Fourier transform. A three-dimensional, robust diagnostic residual current model explained the major features observed in the current measurements averaged over the dominant tidal cycles. We used the diagnostic model to examine the effects of wind stress, radiation stress, density gradients, and tidal stress on the exchange of water between the lagoon and the ocean. Wind effectively mixes the lagoon water in approximately 2 weeks. Tidal flushing appears to be restricted to a small area near the main channels connecting the lagoon to the ocean. Cross-reef-flat currents induced by radiation stress and flowing to the deep channels in the center of the northern boundary form the dominant mechanism for exchange between the lagoon and the open ocean, causing water to exchange completely with the ocean in about 15 days. Computer-generated particles tracked through the lagoon showed that radiation stress is also the main forcing mechanism for particle export from the lagoon. However, the coupling of tidal exchange through the Calalin Channel and wind-stress-induced mixing in the lagoon could also provide a significant export mechanism, particularly for particles originating uniformly inside the lagoon.,&Journal of Geophysical Research-OceansJ. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 19992+Article English J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JUL 15 104C7PBS Record: 440 Krausse, G.H.H:4Sustainable tourism for remote atolls in the PacificHBInternational Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology2H3D166-181t 1350-4509Af`(03) GH Krausse/Univ Rhode Isl/Dept Marine Affairs/Kingston, RI 02881 USA (42) English ArticleCoral atolls, as visitor destinations, have received little attention in the literature of tourism on mid-oceanic islands. However, the current trend of nature-based tourism, which involves travelling to relatively remote and undisturbed places, makes the atolls a desirable destination. This paper explores ways of how appropriate tourism can be introduced to atoll society within the context of traditional resource uses and the application of intermediate technologies. With the acceptance of a code of ethics for tourist behaviour and technologies aimed at reducing dependency of foreign imports, atoll tourism could become a viable economic alternative to the continued overexploitation of marine resources. RY931tsustainable tourism/ atolls/ appropriate technologies/ visitor attractions/ traditional marine tenure system/ code of ethics/ CONSERVATION METHODS/ OCEANIA/ AREAS 1995L@:Checklist of the shorefishes of Ouvea Atoll, New Caledonia"Kulbicki, M. Williams, J. T.Atoll-Res.-Bull.443-449 444t 21-26l 1997zThe shorefishes of Ouvea, an isolated atoll in the Loyalty Islands group of New Caledonia, had not been surveyed prior to 1990. An extensive survey was conducted by ORSTOM between 1991 and 1992 to obtain baseline information on the shorefishes. A total of 653 taxa among 72 families are now documented from this area. The most diverse families are the Labridae (69 species), Pomacentridae (58 species), Gobiidae (54 species), Serranidae (39 species), Chaetodontidae (31 species) and Apogonidae (28 species). The absence or very low diversity of some families (Clupeidae, Nemipteridae, Siganidae) or genera (Abudefduf, Neopomacentrus) is similar to findings for other isolated islands of the Coral Sea. Of the 653 species recorded from Ouvea, 51 species have not been reported from New Caledonia, a large high island to the South. Only one endemic species, Luzonichthys williamsi, has been recognized among the shorefishes at Ouvea. A number of Pacific Plate endemic species were recorded at Ouvea, which is positioned on the Australasian Plate to the south of the edge of the Pacific Plate. Antennarias duescus, previously known from three specimens taken at the Hawaiian Islands, is recorded from a single specimen taken at Ouvea. Another antitropical distribution pattern is exhibited by Dinematichthys riukiuensis, which is known to occur at Fiji, Ouvea and Queensland in the South and from Okinawa.Check-lists; Biological-surveys; Marine-fish; Reef-fish; New-records; Distribution-records; Community-composition; Atolls-; Pisces-; ISEW,-Pacific,-New-Caledonia,-Loyalty-Is.,-Ouvea-Atoll NGChecklist and biogeography of lagoon and reef fishes from New CaledoniaeKulbicki, M. Rivaton, J. Cybium21 1 (suppl.) 81-98  1997The characteristics of a checklist of the New Caledonian reef and lagoon fishes from the O-80m depth range were compared with those of 23 other checklists from the tropical Pacific Ocean (4 150 taxa, 158 families). New Caledonia has 1 659 taxa of which 1 487 are found around the main island, 702 around the Chesterfield islands and 659 at Ouvea atoll. The order of the families in New Caledonia is similar to that in most of the other analysed regions. Families are of two major types. On one hand, those with a terrestrial or continental affinity, the importance of which decreases eastwards in the Pacific. On the other hand, oceanic families, the importance of which increases eastwards. The New Caledonian fish fauna has more similarities with those from Fiji or Samoa than those from the Great Barrier Reef or from Papua New Guinea. This fish fauna presents a high percentage of fish with an antitropical distribution. The main colonization route for the New Caledonian fish fauna seems to be from Papua New Guinea through the Solomon islands and Vanuatu. A very limited number of species are from Southern Australia of New Zealand origin. The Chesterfield islands may have represented a stepping stone between the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia for a number of fish species presenting terrestrial affinities. The proportion of species known only from the New Caledonian region is high, probably one of the highest in the Pacific, next to Hawai and the Marquesas.ljdinventories-; lagoons-; reef-fish; biogeography-; check-lists; Pisces-; ISEW,-Pacific,-New-CaledoniaPBS Record: 6980i Lam, R.K.D82Atoll permeability calculated from tidal diffusion&Journal of geophysical research 19747921 3073-3081 711 EndoupwellingoxrHow do coral reef gastropods feel about nuclear blasts? A long-term study of the effects of man-made perturbations,&Lanctot, J. L. Legendre, P. Salvat, B. 1997LONG TERM CHANGES IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. LES CHANGEMENTS A LONG TERME DANS LES ECOSYSTEMES MARINS Castel, J. eds. PARIS FRANCE GAUTHIERS VILLARSs201243-258n$Using Smart Source Parsing ppThe resistance to perturbations of reef-dwelling gastropod assemblages was studied on the seaward reefs of Fangataufa atoll (French Polynesia) after their exposure to atmospheric nuclear tests, a major man-made perturbation. We focused on two important aspects: (1) the temporal evolution of the densities of the most important species before and after the tests, and (2) the temporal evolution of the spatial structure of the assemblages. Three transects, crossing several geomorphological zones, were established on the seaward reefs of the atoll. Each transect was sampled at irregular time intervals during a twenty-year period. Several univariate and multivariate methods were used to study (1) the temporal fluctuations in species abundances and ranks, and (2) the spatial structure of the assemblages and its temporal evolution. Results suggest that, even if the densities of several species dropped immediately after the nuclear tests, most species were able to quickly recolonise the perturbed reefs. The spatial distributions of several species are not greatly influenced by abiotic conditions, thus creating an unstable spatial structure for the assemblages through time (except in the supralittoral zones).coral-reefs; ecosystem-disturbance; anthropogenic-factors; man-induced-effects; nuclear-explosions; population-density; colonization-; distribution-records; marine-mollusks; Gastropoda-; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamoto-Is.,-Fangatau-AtollLazar, A Rancher, J 1999TMSimulation of radionuclide dispersion in the Pacific Ocean from Mururoa atollc,&Journal of Environmental Radioactivity431\ 31-49\ 0265-931X} 164DVBVariability/ Model<6A series of numerical simulations was carried out to evaluate, on a Tropical South Pacific scale, the consequences over 10 yr of radionuclide releases to the ocean from French Polynesian nuclear test sites. Tracer advection and diffusion terms were computed based on a dispersion model using ocean dynamics and turbulent mixing coefficients derived from an Ocean General Circulation Model on the basis of a yearly climatological average. Preliminary experiments demonstrated sensitivity of the results to injection depth and type. Two instant unit releases were then carried out at the model characteristic depths of 5 and 364 m: maximum concentrations decrease by factors of more than 10(4) and 10(3), respectively, over 10 yr. Temporal evolution tables for concentrations are given and can be applied to any given quantity of tracer introduced from Mururoa atoll into the Pacific Ocean. Taken as a whole, our results present, from qualitative and quantitative viewpoints, different dispersion scenarios as a function of release characteristics. Finally, a comparison with the surface release study by Ribbe and Tomczak (1990) shows that, while the order of magnitude of tracer concentrations is comparable, the direction of propagation is significantly different. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 15](03) Lazar A/NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc/Code 970/Greenbelt, MD 20771/USA/ /Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Dynam & Climatol, ORSTOM,Unite Mixte Rech/Paris/France (19) ELSEVIER SCI LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Environment/Ecology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental SciencesLe Borgne, R. Moll, P. 1986PJGrowth rates of the salp Thalia democratica in Tikehau atoll (Tuamotu is.)Ocanogr. trop.I211  23-29t 1565PBS Record: 80605 P184,%Le Borgne, R. Blanchot, J. Charpy, L.n 1989d]Zooplankton of Tikehau atoll (Tuamotu archipelago) and its relationship to particulate matterbMarine Biology 102t341-3539 1566PBS Record: 80706 EC1725 >7Le Borgne, R. Rodier, M. Le Bouteiller, A. Kulbicki, M. 1997RLPlankton biomass and production in an open atoll lagoon: Uvea, New Caledonia82Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 2122187-210J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 2678AUSTRALIA; CHLOROPHYLL; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; GREAT BARRIER REEF; PACIFIC; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; TAKAPOTO; TUAMOTU ARCHIPELAGO; ZOOPLANKTONUvea lagoon is an atoll-type one with a discontinuous belt of small islets on its western part and the main island to the east. Its depth increases steadily from east to west. A 2 week cruise in September 1992 aimed to study the ways in which these morphological features influence the functioning of the lagoon pelagic ecosystem. Hydrological parameters present a fair homogeneity, both horizontally and vertically over the whole lagoon, which is due to an efficient mixing and important exchanges with the oligotrophic open ocean. Lack of significant nutrient concentrations (NO3, NO2, NH4, PO4, SiO3) in the water mass is in agreement with low planktonic biomasses: Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration is 0.233 mg m(-3), and ash-free dry weight is 5.25 and 7.55 mg m(-3) for [35-200 mu m] and [200-2000 mu m] size fractions respectively. These biomass levels are more than twice the concentration of the surrounding open ocean. Total Chl a is dominated by the >1 mu m size-fraction, thus contrasting with the dominance of small cells (<1 mu m) in the open ocean. Phytoplankton prevails in the [35-200 mu m] size-class, indicating the occurrence of microphytobenthos brought by mixing of the water column. The [200-2000 mu m] fraction is made up primarily of copepods (61% of the dry weight), appendicularians and radiolarians. Planktonic predators, such as chaetognaths are almost absent. Three different methods dealing with carbon production, i.e., C-14 fixation, in-bottle O-2 production, and natural O-2 variations, lead to a coherent estimate of pelagic primary production: 27.5 mg C m(-3) d(-1). Half of this production is achieved by <1 mu m cells. Zooplankton production, which was assessed by the C/N/P ratios method, is equal to 10.4 mg C m(-3) d(-1) and its P:B ratio is 114%. On the whole, Uvea lagoon appears to be oligotrophic compared with other ones, because it is wide-open. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.HALeBorgne R, Ctr Orstom Noumea, BP A5, Noumea 98848, NEW CALEDONIA P96@:4Lessios, H.A. Kessing, B.D. Robertson, D.R. Paulay G 1999lfPhylogeography of the pantropical sea urchin Eucidaris in relation to land barriers and ocean currents Evolution533806-817 0014-3820 217PCBiogeography/ Cytochrome oxidase/ Gene flow/ Islands/ Mitochondrial dna/ Ocean currents/ Sea urchins/ Tropical eastern pacific/ Mitochondrial-dna/ Genetic-distance/ Atlantic-ocean/ Evolution/ Galapagos/ Biogeography/ Speciation/ Rates/ Flow The pantropical sea urchin genus Eucidaris contains four currently recognized species, all of them allopatric: E. metularia in the Indo-West Pacific, E. thouarsi in the eastern Pacific, E. tribuloides in both the western and eastern Atlantic, and E. clavata at the central Atlantic islands of Ascension and St. Helena. We sequenced a 640-bp region of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA to determine whether this division of the genus into species was confirmed by molecular markers, to ascertain their phylogenetic relations, and to reconstruct the history of possible dispersal and vicariance events that led to present-day patterns of species distribution. We found that E. metularia split first from the rest of the extant species of the genus. If COI divergence is calibrated by the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama, the estimated date of the separation of the Indo-West Pacific species is 4.7-6.4 million years ago. This date suggests that the last available route of genetic contact between the Indo-Pacific and the rest of the tropics was from west to east through the Eastern Pacific Barrier, rather than through the Tethyan Sea or around the southern tip of Africa. The second cladogenic event was the separation of eastern Pacific and Atlantic populations by the Isthmus of Panama. Eucidaris at the outer eastern Pacific islands (Galapagos, Isla del Coco, Clipperton Atoll) belong to a separate clade, so distinct from mainland E thouarsi as to suggest that this is a different species, for which the name E. galapagensis is revived from the older taxonomic literature. Complete lack of shared alleles in three allozyme loci between island and mainland populations support their separate specific status. Eucidaris galapagensis and E. thouarsi are estimated from their COI divergence to have split at about the same time that E. thouarsi and E. tribuloides were being separated by the Isthmus of Panama. Even though currents could easily convey larvae between the eastern Pacific islands and the American mainland, the two species do not appear to have invaded each other's ranges. Conversely, the central Atlantic E. clavata at St. Helena and Ascension is genetically similar to E; tribuloides from the American and African coasts. Populations on these islands are either genetically connected to the coasts of the Atlantic or have been colonized by extant mitochondrial DNA lineages of Eucidaris within the last 200,000 years. Although it is hard to explain how larvae can cross the entire width of the Atlantic within their competent lifetimes, COI sequences of Eucidaris from the west coast of Africa are very similar to those of E. tribuloides from the Caribbean. F-ST statistics indicate that gene flow between E. metularia from the Indian Ocean and from the western and central Pacific is restricted. Low gene flow is also evident between populations of E. clavata from Ascension and St. Helena. Rates of intraspecific exchange of genes in E. thouarsi, E. galapagensis, and E. tribuloides, on the other hand, are high. The phylogeny of Eucidaris confirms Ernst Mayr's conclusions that major barriers to the dispersal of tropical echinoids have been the wide stretch of deep water between central and eastern Pacific, the cold water off the southwest coast of Africa, and the Isthmus of Panama. It also suggests that a colonization event in the eastern Pacific has led to speciation between mainland and island populations. [References: 100](03) Lessios HA/Smithsonian Trop Res Inst/Box 2072/Balboa/Panama/ /Smithsonian Trop Res Inst/Balboa/Panama/ /Univ Guam, Marine Lab/Mangilao, GU 96923/USA (19) SOC STUDY EVOLUTION, 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences/Article/English/Biology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences* ("Linsley, BK Messier, RG Dunbar, RB 1999jcAssessing between-colony oxygen isotope variability in the coral Porites lobata at Clipperton Atolln Coral Reefs181{ 13-27 0722-4028 196EE 2 +The eastern Pacific warm tongue is a region of stable and elevated sea surface temperature (SST) located just north of the equator in the eastern Pacific. This warm water mass is thought to influence the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the eastern Pacific and to directly influence climate in Central America. To assess the use of corals in the development of paleoclimatic reconstructions in this region, we have developed oxygen isotope (delta(18)O) time-series from multiple specimens of the massive coral Porites lobata collected at Clipperton Atoll (10 degrees 18'N, 109 degrees 13' W). Six near-monthly delta(18)O records from different sized (age) colonies where produced for the interval 1986-1994, and three of these were extended back to 1969. All corals sampled were found to contain numerous fish-grazing skeletal scars ( similar to 0.5 mm deep scallop shaped hiatuses). Samples collected at 1 mm intervals showed anomalous O-18/O-16 in the area of a bite scar, with 2 to 2.5 mm sampling intervals (10-12/year) minimizing these effects. Our results show that the average delta(18)O disequilibrium offset (vital effect) from equilibrium seawater composition for individual corals can vary by up to 0.4 parts per thousand,. However all delta(18)O results suggest that the vital effect offset is constant over time. Similar are observed in the tops of old (age = similar to 100 y) and young (age = similar to 10 y) colonies, further suggesting that the biologically mediated vital effect offset does not change as a Porites colony ages. A 6-coral average composite delta(18)O record was constructed from 1985-1994 and a 3-coral average delta(18)O(anomaly) record was constructed from 1969-1994. Regression analysis between monthly SST and the 6 coral average delta(18)O records yields an r(2) correlation of 0.54 (individual r(2)-values ranged from 0.27-0.55). The 3 coral delta(18)O(anomaly) average record has an even lower correlation to SST, with an r(2) of 0.40. Potential causes of the only moderate correlation to SST are explored and we find that inferred salinity effects, fish grazing scars, and slight chronology imperfections have all contributed to a reduced correlation to SST. Nevertheless, all El Nino events in this time period appear to be recorded by coral skeletal delta(18)O. [References: 53]i(03) Linsley BK/SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci/Albany, NY 12222/USA/ /SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci/Albany, NY 12222/USA/ /Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci/Stanford, CA/USA (19) SPRINGER VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciencesi2+Littler, M.M. Littler, D.S. Titlyanov, E.A.m 1991Comparisons of N-and P-limited productivity between high granitic islands versus low carbonate atolls in the Seychelles Archipelago: a test of the relative-dominance paradigm. Coral Reefs104199-209 302ePBS Record: 4420sThis exploratory study suggests that different geological systems (carbonate vs granitic) in tropical waters have contrasting patterns of photosynthetic nutrient limitation correlated with inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. Physiological assays for 21 predominant macrophyte species show that inorganic N and P are much less limiting to photosynthesis on granitic islands than is the case on carbonate islands and that, on the two, P is more ... EC143 pComparative settlement age of damselfish larvae (Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis, Pomacentridae) from Hawaii and Johnston Atoll Lobel, P. S.D=Biological-Bulletin,-Marine-Biological-Laboratory,-Woods-HoleF 193y2T281-2838 1997Most reef fishes have a planktonic larval phase with durations in the pelagic ocean habitat ranging from a few weeks to months. The pelagic larval duration (PLD) is an important factor associated with biogeographic distributions of reef fish populations (1, 2, 3, 4). The key question is this: to what degree are larvae passively advected and distributed by ocean currents, or are larvae somehow retained near natal habitats (5)? Schultz and Cowen (4) examined this issue of local retention versus long-distance transport of reef fish larvae to Bermuda. The PLDs for fish larvae newly settled on Bermuda reefs were compared with ocean current transport times. They found that the PLDs in their samples were similar to results obtained elsewhere in the fish's geographic range. Their conclusion was that fish larvae spawned in Bermuda were retained locally. In this study, I compared the ages of settlement-stage larvae of the pomacentrid Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis collected near Johnston Atoll and the island of Hawaii.Fish-larvae; Larval-settlement; Coral-reefs; Biogeography-; Age-groups; Plectroglyphidodon-imparipennis; ISE,-Pacific,-Johnston-Is.; ISE,-USA,-Hawaii82Loret, P. Pastoureaud, A. Bacher, C. Delesalle, B. 2000Phytoplankton composition and selective feeding of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera in the Takapoto lagoon (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia): in situ study using optical microscopy and HPLC pigment analysisP$Marine Ecology-Progress Series 199E 55-67aMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.\Vpearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera; selective feeding; natural diet; phytoplankton pigments; coral reefs; French Polynesia MYTILUS-EDULIS-L; EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; ATOLL LAGOONS; NATURAL PHYTOPLANKTON; PARTICLE SELECTION; COASTAL WATERSThe in situ diet of the pearl oyster Pinctada margarifera was determined in the lagoon of Takapoto Atoll by comparing the phytoplankton composition of water and bivalve gut contents using 2 different methods, optical microscopy and HPLC pigment analysis. In order to evaluate the available food resources for pearl oysters in the water column, a new method for estimating the pigment/chlorophyll a (chl a) ratio (based on an inverse analysis) was developed which allowed us to determine the contribution of the main phytoplanktonic groups in terms of chi a. In the water, picocyanobacteria and nanoflagellates predominated, the latter being mainly chlorophytes and prymnesiophytes. Comparisons between the results obtained by the 2 methods of investigation indicated that most of the dinoflagellates are unpigmented and, therefore, heterotrophic. An examination of the gut contents showed that picocyanobacteria were only weakly ingested by the oyster and, thus, nanoflagellates constituted the main food resource. Cryptophytes, although poorly represented in the water, were preferentially ingested. Chlorophytes were inefficiently digested since they were found alive and motile in the faeces of the oyster. The ecological implications of this feeding behaviour are discussed.("Article English MAR ECOL-PROGR SER EC202oleLoret, P. Le Gall, S. Dupuy, C. Blanchot, J. Pastoureaud, A. Delesalle, B. Caisey, X. Jonquieres, G. 2000Heterotrophic protists as a trophic link between picocyanobacteria and the pearl yoster Pinctada margaritifera in the Takapoto lagoon (Tuiaomotu Archipelago, French Polynesia). Aquatic Microbial Ecology22215-226b\Protists; Atoll lagoon; Pearl oysters; Pinctada margaritifera;Picoplankton ;Trophic resourcePearl oysters are farmed in oligotrophic tropical atoll lagoons where planktonic communities are dominated by production from cyanobacteria smaller than 2 m. Paradoxically, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera only retains particles larger than 2 m. In this study, we assess the relative contribution of hetero/mixotrophic microbiota to the available planktonic resource. In Takapoto Atoll, picocyanobacteria are the dominant biomass (20 g C l-1). The carbon biomass of ciliates and dinoflagellates ranges from 1 to 24 and 0.5 to 5 g C l-1 respectively, with a mean of 6 g C l-1 for ciliates and 2 g C l-1 for dinoflagellates. The possible retention by P. margaritifera on a natural protist suspension was investigated. Due to its high clearance rates (ca 20 l h-1 g-1) the pearl oyster retained 85 g C h-1 g-1 from ciliates and 65 g C h-1 g-1 from dinoflagellates. Conversely, cyanobacteria were not efficiently retained by the bivalve and did not efficiently contribute to its diet. From our experiments, we concluded that hetero/mixotrophic protists rapidly and efficiently process the picoplanktonic resource towards filter-feeders, particularly pearl oysters.r EC208dMagnetostratigraphy of the uplifted former atoll of Niue, South Pacific: Implications for accretion history and carbonate diagenesis4-Lu, Gang Aharon, P. Wheeler, C. W. McCabe, C.CSediment.-Geol.B 105s 3-4s259-274 1996 4 -Cenozoic carbonate platforms are a potential rich source of information concerning eustasy but their prerequisite dating is fraught with difficulties. Paleomagnetism has long been established as a highly successful tool for dating deep-sea sediments but its applicability to shallow-water reef carbonates has only recently been explored. Here we derive a detailed magnetostratigraphy of the carbonate platform at Niue on the basis of cores drilled into lagoonal facies to a maximum depth of 303 m below surface. The carbonates consist of limestone which has been partially dolomitized and contain 16 zones of meteoric diagenesis caused by a succession of sea-level falls. The paleomagnetic record, spanning Chron C4r (Tortonian) to Chron C2n (late Piacenzian) and covering about 7.1 m.y. of deposition and erosion, was tied to the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) using verified control points. Coincidence of high accretion rates (up to 62.1 m/m.y.) and high sea levels caused the Tortonian-early Messinian section to mirror the contemporaneous GPTS polarity reversal intervals. In contrast, decelerated subsidence coupled with frequent eustatic fluctuations yielded compressed and truncated polarity intervals in the younger section. During late Messinian, the accretion rate was anomalously high (114.1 m/m.y.) probably due to a short-lived endogenic heating event. Isothermal remanent magnetization data suggest that magnetite is the dominant magnetic carrier in the Niue carbonates. NRM intensities of limestones (mean 0.126 plus or minus 0.95 mA/m for n = 76) and dolomites (mean 0.121 plus or minus 0.097 mA/m for n = 73) are indistinguishable and their NRM/SIRM ratios are similar (close to 10 super(-2)) suggesting they underwent the same process of remanence acquisition. The NRM at Niue are comparable in their intensities to those reported from San Salvador and Mururoa but much weaker than those of deep-sea sediments. In general, meteoric diagenesis and dolomitization did not overprint the primary magnetization record at Niue. One exceptional case of magnetic resetting, depicted within a well-developed meteoric diagenesis zone, suggests that magnetic overprinting cannot be ruled out in carbonate platforms possessing weak primary magnetizations and therefore their polarity records must be evaluated on a case by case basis.diagenesis-; magnetostratigraphy-; atolls-; accretion-; carbonates-; sea-level-changes; Cenozoic-; eustatic-changes; paleomagnetism-; ISE,-New-Zealand-Island-Terr.,-Cook-Is.,-Niue-I. pnPBS Record: 2610460Madhupratap, M. Achuthankutty, C.T. Nair, S.R.S.xrEstimates of High Absolute Densities and Emergence Rates of Demersal Zooplankton from the Agatti Atoll, Laccadives Limnology and Oceanography363585-588(42) English Note>8M Madhupratap/Natl Inst Oceanog/Panaji 403004/Goa, India 243eREEF ZOOPLANKTON 1991b\Acoustic behavior of the damselfish Dascyllus albisella: behavioral and geographic variationMann, D. A. Lobel, P. S.Environ-Biol-Fisho514l421-428n 1998Behavioural and geographic variation in animal communication has been well-studied in insects, frogs, birds and mammals, but little is known about variation in fishes. We used underwater audio-video recordings of the behavior and associated sounds produced by the domino damselfish, Dascyllus albisella, at Johnston Atoll and Hawaii, which are separated by 1000km, to study behavioral and geographic variation in communication sounds. Males produced pulsed sounds during the courtship behavior known as the signal jump, visiting by females (during pseudospawning), mating, aggression to heterospecifics and conspecifics, and nest preparation. Females made only aggressive sounds. The following features of the sounds were measured: number of pulses, pulse rate, pulse duration, inter-pulse interval, dominant frequency, and frequency envelope. The only difference between visiting and mating sounds was a small difference in pulse duration. Two types of aggressive sounds were produced, pops and chirps. Pops contained only one or two pulses and were more commonly made towards heterospecifics than conspecifics. Aggressive chirps had between 3-11 pulses and were made most often towards conspecifics. The pulse rate of aggressive chirps was faster than signal jump sounds. The only difference in signal jump sounds made by males from Johnston Atoll and Hawaii, was a small difference in pulse duration, which was likely due to differences in the depths of the recording environment and not in the sounds produced.Bioacoustics-; Sound-production; Behaviour-; Courtship-; Aggressive-behaviour; Spawning-; Marine-fish; Dascyllus-albisella; I,-Johnston-Atoll; ISE,-USA,-Hawaii,-Oahu-I.,-Kaneohe-BayPBS Record: 1050YMaragos, J.E. Cook, C.W.F@The 1991-1992 rapid ecological assessment of Palau's coral reefs Coral Reefs,144,237-2525 0722-4028"nh(03) JE Maragos/East West Ctr/Program Environm/1777 E W Rd/Honolulu, HI 96848 USA (42) English ArticleAt the request of the Palau and US governments, a team of 30 scientists under the leadership of the Nature Conservancy completed a rapid ecological assessment (REA) of nearshore marine resources in Palau in 1992. The REA provided ecological input to Palau's ongoing master plan for economic development and identified 45 marine sites worthy of special protection. The REA relied on previous literature, 1992 aerial photography, interviews, and field observations. A combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to assess stony corals, other reef invertebrates, reef and shore fishes, macroscopic algae, seagrasses, sea turtles and other marine organisms. The REA covered a variety of coral reef habitats including beaches, seagrass beds, fringing reefs, lagoons, passes, channels, reef holes, patch and pinnacle reefs, barrier reefs, atolls, submerged reefs, mangroves, and ''rock'' islands. Major stresses to Palau's coral reefs include sedimentation from soil erosion, overfishing, and damage from periodic storms and waves. Minor stresses include dredge-and fill activities, sewage pollution, anchor damage, tourism use, ship groundings, aquarium fish collecting, and minor crown-of-thorns (Acanthaster) infestations. TM292u:3ACANTHASTER-PLANCI/ LINE TRANSECT/ MANTA/ ABUNDANCEu 1995.(Coral reef health in the Central PacificMaragos, J. E. 199781STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE PACIFIC. Grigg, R.W.r 3-29$Using Smart Source Parsing ppuThis review covers coral reefs in the Caroline Islands (Republic of Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia), the Marshall Islands (Republic of the Marshalls and Wake Island), the Gilbert and Phoenix Islands (Republic of Kiribati), the single island Republic of Nauru, the Line Islands (Republic of Kiribati and the U.S.), the Ellice Islands (Republic of Tuvalu) and Tokelau. Islands within this region are mostly atolls and low coral islands, except for two raised limestone islands (Nauru, Banaba), and five clusters of high volcanic islands in the Carolines (Palau, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae). Collectively, the region includes 73 fringing, 3 barrier, 93 atoll, and 7 submerged reef systems.ZScoral-reefs; literature-reviews; habitat-; environmental-effects; Pacific-Ocean-Is. Marshall, N. 1965`ZDetritus over the reef and its potential contribution to adjacent waters of Eniwetok atollEcology463b343-344t 344oPBS Record: 4570i POM/ lagoon EC82 Marshall, N. 1968F@Observation on organic aggregates in the vicinity of coral reefsMarine Biology21r 50-53e 346ePBS Record: 4590t.'atoll/ Caribbean / Jamaica/ Puerto Rico EC85JCAn ecological shift in a remote coral atoll of Belize over 25 yearsy& McClanahan, T. R. Muthiga, N. A. Environmental-Conservation252S122-130c 1998Many coral reefs in the Caribbean, and elsewhere, have undergone changes from hard coral to fleshy algal dominance over the past two decades which has often been interpreted as a localized response to eutrophication and fishing. Here, data on the abundance of hard corals and algae from lagoonal patch reefs distributed throughout a large (260 km super(2)) remote reef atoll located approximately 30 km offshore from the sparsely-populated coast of Belize, Central America, are compared with a study of these patch reefs conducted 25 years previously. Data and observations indicate that these patch reefs have undergone a major change in their ecology associated with a 75% reduction in total hard coral, a 99% loss in the cover of Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata, and a 315% increase in algae, which are mostly erect brown algae species in the genera Lobophora, Dictyota, Turbinaria and Sargassum. Such changes have been reported from other Caribbean reefs during the 1980s, but not on such a remote reef and the present changes may be attributed primarily to both a disease that began killing Acropora in this region in the mid 1980s and a reduction in herbivory. The low level of herbivory may be attributable to the disease-induced loss of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983, or fishing of herbivorous fishes, but both explanations are speculative. The present density of fisherfolk is low, and their efforts are not targetted at herbivorous fishes, and population densities of D. antillarum 14 years after the mortality are <1 individual per 1000 m super(2), but there is no comparative data from before the die off. There is, however, no indication that these major changes occurred on the fore reef, because A. palmata is abundant and erect algal abundance is low. We suggest that reported changes in other Caribbean reefs are not necessarily or exclusively influenced by local human factors such as localized intense eutrophication or fishing.haCoral-reefs; Population-decline; Herbivores-; ecosystem-disturbance; Belize-; Coral-; Ecological-balance; Eutrophication-; Overfishing-; Pollution-effects; Interspecific-relationships; Human-factors; Algae-; fishing-; Lobophora-; Dictyota-; Turbinaria-; Acropora-cervicornis; Acropora-palmata; Lobophora-; Dictyota-; Turbinaria-; Sargassum-; ASW,-Belizel H2 2,McClanahan, T. R. crcp@africaonline, co, ke,{Predation and the control of the sea urchin Echinometra viridis and fleshy algae in the patch reefs of Glovers Reef, Belizeo Ecosystems2i6 511-523h 1999Diadema-antillarum philippi. Caribbean coral-reef. Mass mortality. Paracentrotus-lividus. Mathaei deblainville. Population-dynamics. Community dynamics. Fish predators. Life-history. Herbivory.uThe massive reduction in sea urchin Diadema antillarum populations since the mid-1980s has been associated with large increases in the abundance of fleshy algae on many Caribbean reefs despite the availability of other sea urchin and finfish grazers. This study examined the ecology of a grazer living sympatrically with D. antillarum, the common and abundant sea urchin Echinometra viridis. I examined the role that finfish and invertebrate predators play in controlling the distribution of E. viridis as well as the ability of this sea urchin to control exposed fleshy algae on the patch reefs of the Clovers Reef Atoll lagoon. I found that the major predators of this sea urchin were Calamus bajonado (jolthead porgy), Balistes vetula and Canthidermis sufflamen (queen and ocean triggerfish), Lachnolaimus maximus (hogfish), and a gastropod, probably Cassis madagascariensis. The abundance of E. viridis is constrained by predation, which restricts E. viridis to cryptic locations, such as crevices. Sea urchins bit a smaller percentage of experimental algal assays than finfish. Finfish herbivory was associated positively with patch reef topographic complexity. Unexpectedly, E. viridis abundance was positively correlated with fleshy algal abundance, but negatively correlated with the frequency of finfish bites. Predators restrict E. viridis to crevices and therefore reduce their influence on exposed fleshy algae, even at moderately high population densities (up to 10 per square meter). Since net benthic primary production of coral reefs is most strongly associated with herbivory on exposed surfaces, it would appear that E. viridis is unable to maintain the same production as reefs dominated by D. antillarum. [References: 64]rEnglish Reprint available from: McClanahan TR Wildlife Conservat Soc POB 99470 Mombasa Kenya Wildlife Conservat Soc Mombasa Kenyaf2,McClanahan, T. R. crcp@africaonline, co, ke, 2000F@Bleaching damage and recovery potential of Maldivian coral reefs Marine Pollution Bulletind407b587-597Nino warming event. El-nino. Indian-ocean. Surface-temperature. Macroalgal blooms. Mortality. Islands. Patterns. Climate. Hawaiian.aSame-site comparisons of Maldive-Chagos reefs in the 1990s with studies before 1980 have found large losses in coral cover that were probably associated with warm El Nino events. To determine the spatial extent of this damage and potential for recovery I surveyed benthic cover, hard coral communities, and coral recruitment in previously unsurveyed sites in three reef atolls of the central Maldives in 1999, one year after the warmest recorded El Nino event of 1997-1998, Coral cover was the lowest recorded for this region, at 8%, and evidence for the local extirpation of species was found. Most reefs are presently dominated by coralline and turf algae (68%),vith erect fleshy algae and sponge being higher than previously reported on Maldivian reefs. Branching coral species appeared most affected and the dominant coral genera in 1998 were massive Porites and Astreopora, whereas the original community was dominated by Acropora. Coral recruits were sufficiently abundant, at 29 ind/m(2), to insure recovery of coral cover, but the most common recruits were in genera previously reported as subordinate genera, such as Pavona (11.7 ind/m(2)) and Coscinarea (4.4 ind/m(2)), whereas the previously dominant branching and encrusting species (Acropora, Montipora and Pocillopora) had recruit densities less than 0.65 ind/m(2). Unless there is significant compensation in growth and mortality there may be future changes in coral species composition and benthic cover of these reefs, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 68]English Reprint available from: McClanahan TR Wildlife Conservat Soc, Coral Reef Conservat Project POB 99470 Mombasa Kenya Wildlife Conservat Soc, Coral Reef Conservat Project Mombasa Kenyal EC57\VVulnerability of freshwater resources to climate change in the Tropical Pacific region Meehl, G. A. 1996zClimate Change Vulnerability And Adaptation In Asia And The Pacific. Proceedings Of A Workshop Held In Manila, Philippines92 1-2IUsing Smart Source Parsing 15-19-JANUARY- Erda,-L.;Bolhofer,-W.C.;Huq,-S.;Lenhart,-S.;Mukherjee,-S.K.;Smith,-J.B.;Wisniewski,-J.-eds. 1996 pp. 203-213El Nino events and associated droughts adversely affect freshwater resources on islands in the tropical Pacific region. Particularly vulnerable are low-lying atolls because rainwater collection is the main freshwater source on such islands. During El Nino-related droughts, water can be drawn only from the limited freshwater lenses beneath the islands. If drought conditions such as these intensify, the depletion of freshwater resources could affect the habitability of atolls. Average climate change in the Pacific region from increased anthropogenic carbon dioxide in a global coupled climate model resembles present-day El Nino conditions as well as the decadal time-scale sea surface temperature and precipitation anomalies observed during the 1980s and early 1990s. These anomalies are a consequence of greater warming of sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific than over the western Pacific warm pool with increased carbon dioxide in the climate model. Attendant increases in precipitation in the central equatorial Pacific are also accompanied by precipitation decreases in the northern and southern tropical Pacific (roughly 5 degree N to 15 degree N and 5 degree S to 15 degree S), as well as in the Australasian and eastern Indian Ocean regions. Associated effects in the midlatitude North Pacific also resemble El Nino conditions and the decadal time-scale signals from the 1980s. Future possible increases of drought conditions in certain tropical Pacific regions, as indicated by the climate model results, could limit the sustainability of atoll populations in those regions, causing migration and increased urbanization, with all the attendant problems, on larger high islands with more stable water supplies.denvironmental-impact; ecosystem-disturbance; ecosystem-resilience; climatic-changes; El-Nino-phenomena; droughts-; water-resources; Pacific-Ocean-Is.; drought-; climatic-changes; rain-; atolls-;PBS Record: 5850r4.Michel, A. Colin, C. Desrosieres, R. Oudot, C.Observations sur l'hydrologie et le plancton des abords et de la zone des passes de l'atoll de Rangiroa (Archipel des Tuamotu, Ocan Pacifique Central)0"Cah. ORSTOM, ser. Oceanogr.p 1971IX3o375-402y 470z,%atoll/ coral reefs/ French Polynesia/a Q,r\Le-Camion-Alsumard, T.Le-Campion, J.Le-Campion-Alsumard, T.Leadbetter, E. R.Leathem, S. V. LeBlanc, B.Leclerc, A.-M.Lecomte-Finiger, R. Ledesert, B. Lefevre, M. Legendre, L.Legendre, Louis Legendre, P.Lehrmann, D. J. Leis, J. M. Leis, J.M. Lepetit, G. Lessios, H.A. Letelier, S. Levy, M. Li, Changrong Li, W. K. W. Linsley, BKLisowski, N. L. Littler, D.S. Littler, M.M. Liu, K. -K. Lo, L. Lobel, P. S. Logan, G.A. Loret, P.Loret, PascaleLorreboireau, A. Loubet, M. Loya, Y. Lu, Gang Lucas, J. S. Ludwig, J. P. Ma, D. Madec, G. Madhavan, S.Madhupratap, M.Malanotterizzoli, P. Mann, D. A. Manoj, G.Maragos, J. E. Maragos, J.E. Margerum, R. Markowitz, H.Marsh, J.A.Jr. Marshall, N. Matheron, R. Mathew, K. J. Matsakis, P. Matthews, M. Maury, R. C. Mayer, R. J. Mays, J McCabe, C. Mcclain, C.McClanahan, T. R. McLean, R. F.MD, Brickhouse Meehl, G. A. Meinez, A. Memery, L. Menanteau, L. Messier, RGMetzl, Nicolas Michel, A. Miekos, E. Miller, M. W. Miller, M.W.Millies-Lacroix, J.C. Minton, D. Mistry, R.Mitchell, B.G.Mitchell, P. I. Moll, P. Monniot, C.Montaggioni, L.Montaggioni, L. F.Moore, C. H., Jr. Morel, A.Morgenstern, U.Moriarty, D. J. W. Morrissey, KM Mulsow, S. Mumby, P. J. Murk, A. J. Murphy, R.C. Murray, B.G. Murthy, K. N.Muthiga, N. A. Naidu, K. A. Naim, O. Nair, S.R.S. Nair, V.R.Naqvi, S. A. S.Nasnolkar, C. M. Nath, B. N. Navas, K. A. Netto, S.A. Newell, P. Newnham, R. Nezlin, N.P. Ng, Pei-Ling Niquil, N.Niquil, Nathalie Noffke, N. Norton, J. H. nortonj@proseNoshkin, V. E. Nunes, M. O'Connor, ROberdorfer, J.A. Odum, H.T. Ohde, S.Orempuller, J.Orville, R. E. Oudot, C. Paerl, H. W. Paerl, H.W. Pages, J. Pages, JeanPandolfi, J.M.Parenteau, M. T. Pari, N.Pari, Nathalie Parra, C.Parulekar, A. H.Pastoureaud, A.Patterson, G. M. L. Pauzi, A.M. Payri, C. Payri, C. E.Peterson, F.L.Pettersson, H.Peyre-Venec, M. T.Peyrot-Clausade, M.Peyrot-Clausade, Mireille Pichon, M. Pierre, C.Pierson, B. K. Pikula, L. Pilson, E.Q.Pilson, M.E.Q. Pinckney, J.Pinckney, J. L. Pingzhong, Hu PJ, Baptiste Planes, S. Platt, T. PM, LuxtonPointurier, F.Poisson, Alain Pomeroy, L.R. Porter, L. J. Potts, K. W. Poupet, P. Poupin, J. Pouvreau, S Pouvreau, S.Pouvreau, Stephane Povinec, P.P.Prasil, Vincent Pravda, D. Preece, R.C. Price, N. M. Provazek, R. Purdy, E. G. Purser, B.H. Pyle, P. Qasim, S.Z.qld Quasim, S.Z. Quasin, S.Z. R, O'Connor R., Bonfield Rack, F.Radford, P. J. Raikar, S. V. Raj, I.D. Rajendran, A.Rameyer, R. A. Rancher, J Rancher, J.Randall, J. E. Rapala, J.Ravishankar, G. A. Rayner, R.F. Reddy, C.V.G. Reid, R.P. Reinds, G.J. Renon, J. P. Renon, J.-P. Renon, J.P. Ricard, M. Rice, D. C. Richard, G.Richer-De-Forges, B. Riegl, B. Risk, M. J. Rivaton, J. RL, Cheicante Roark, E. B.Robertson, D. R.Robertson, D.R. Robin, F.Robison, W. L. Roche, R. Rodgers, K. Rodier, M.Rodrigues, C. L. Romano, J. C. Romans, P. Rougeaux, H.5G`M|J4*u]w.r_F&.ܒ$C/X.r"wlbv۽T0Dߛ9w.~3jt -t#/tؠ"RGb`TI#x)Nf0nJG5 0S8#lmRx$ry'N1Z+#Q-;@Hh/>_j|+_z9WlIlOIVxuҒdⰔ'w{.K{#NMKe'Q-cpa\+Yo4Y;a.)E5% |4}R~slU/pbuxrɸz)J Eᒢ(.(myEes;+C`WjvDuB(ՙA'K%_6}l%IZ޲R16dY#x͐QGg 9׉ +.5 T(U9JqʕIt9 Y *j0Q&<bM(}B%fL.hݹq[…2`#؞#-܃R帓qR$iagu14))IP~9UCb$g9q$du:K @ FJks(`:o޵9j.ߔT9X >9u&{׷+ nfSʷ W\-ۓkr#ȚLQ=oy wMc]>X;5kl"!_)9.iX X`fJVӊ{{!TY&8YJcT2$YJTۭ(/-?Qh,a~dPI?OӫTD̪~1 >D 1152-1156e Miller, M. W. Sluka, R. D.}Patterns of seagrass and sediment nutrient distribution suggest anthropogenic enrichment in Laamu Atoll, Republic of Maldives-fisheries; Maldives; nutrients; organic enrichment; seagrass; sediments THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; FLORIDA BAY; LIMITATION; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; ESTUARY; USArlSampling of seagrass cover and sediment nutrients was undertaken in lagoonal habitats of Laamu Atoll (Republic of Maldives) adjacent to three traditional fishing villages (fishing the predominant economic activity for more than 30 yr), three other villages (not traditional landing sites), and four uninhabited islands to determine if chronic input of organic fishing waste from the traditional fishing villages could explain spatial distribution of seagrass cover, Results indicated significantly greater cover of seagrass at the traditional fishing village sites than the other two site groups. Analysis of dried sediments showed sediments at traditional fishing village sites were significantly enriched with phosphorus, though no significant difference in nitrogen was found between groups of sites, These results, together with studies showing that sediment nutrient pools can limit seagrass bed development, suggest that anthropogenic enrichment of lagoonal sediments by fishing waste over generational time scales may have caused substantial proliferation of seagrass beds. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Marine Pollution BulletinMar. Pollut. Bull. 1999*#Article English MAR POLLUT BULL DECa38124-Development on Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islandso Mistry, R. 1998Intercoast Network31 12-13n$Using Smart Source Parsing ppThe Republic of Marshall Islands consists of 29 atolls and five large islands in the central Pacific Ocean. There are 1,225 small islands and islets with a total area of 181 sq km. Bikini and Enewetak atolls were used for atomic weapons testing by the United States during the 1940-50s. Copra production, licensing agreements for fisheries, aid through the Compact of Free Association with the United States and external assistance are the primary sources of revenue to the economy. Tourist attractions include underwater remains of World War II ships, Japanese war relics, coral reefs and sportfishing. Aquaculture of black pearl oysters and giant clams, and recovery of sand from offshore areas hold promise for economic development.Coastal-zone-management; Environmental-protection; Atolls-; Recreation-; Shellfish-culture; ISEW,-Pacific,-Marshall-Is.,-Majuro-AtollPerturbation in the super(240)Pu/ super(239)Pu global fallout ratio in local sediments following the nuclear accidents at Thule (Greenland) and Palomares (Spain)PRKMitchell, P. I. Vintro, L. L. Dahlgaard, H. Gasco, C. Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A.8 1997SO: ENVIRONMENTAL-RADIOACTIVITY-IN-THE-ARCTIC. Strand,-P.;Howard,-B.;Cooke,-A.-eds. 1997 vol. 202, no. 1-3 pp. 147-153 M (Marine)s@:It is well established that the main source of the plutonium found in marine sediments throughout the Northern Hemisphere is global stratospheric fallout, characterized by a typical super(240)Pu / super(239)Pu atom ratio of similar to 0.18. Measurement of perturbations in this ratio at various sites which had been subjected to close-in fallout, mainly from surface-based testing (e.g. Bikini Atoll, Nevada test site, Mururoa Atoll), has confirmed the feasibility of using this ratio to distinguish plutonium from different fallout sources. In the present study, the super(240)Pu/ super(239)Pu ratio has been examined in samples of sediment (and soil) collected at Thule (Greenland) and Palomares (Spain), where accidents involving the release and dispersion of plutonium from fractured nuclear weapons occurred in 1968 and 1966, respectively. The super(240)Pu/ super(239)Pu ratio was measured by high-resolution alpha spectrometry and spectral deconvolution, and confirmed in the case of the most active samples by high-resolution X-ray spectrometry. Only samples which displayed plutonium heterogeneities, i.e. hot particles or concentrations well in excess (at least two orders of magnitude) of those expected from global fallout, were selected for analysis. The analytical results showed that at Thule the mean super(240)Pu / super(239)Pu atom ratio was 0.033 plus or minus 0.004 (n = 4), while at Palomares the equivalent ratio appeared to be significantly higher at 0.056 plus or minus 0.003 (n = 4). Both ratios are indicative of low burn-up plutonium and are consistent with those reported for weapons-grade plutonium. It is noteworthy that the mean super(238)Pu/ super(239)Pu activity ratio in the Thule samples, at 0.0150 plus or minus 0.0017 (n = 4), was also lower than that measured in the Palomares samples, namely, 0.0275 plus or minus 0.0012 (n = 4). The super(241)Pu/ super(239)Pu ratios were similarly different. Finally, the data show, in contrast to Palomares, that not all of the samples from the Thule accident site were contaminated with plutonium of identical isotopic composition.piPlutonium-; nuclear-weapons; Radioactive-fallout; Sediment-pollution; Greenland,-Thule; Spain,-Palomares; Accidents-; Spectrometry-; Marine-pollution; Radioactive-contamination; Plutonium-isotopes; Pollution-monitoring; Fallout-; Sediment-Contamination; Marine-Sediments; Path-of-Pollutants; MED,-Spain,-Almeria,-Palomares; PNW,-Greenland,-Nord-Groenland,-Thule >H^WThe seaward margin of Makatea, an uplifted carbonate island (Tuamotus, Central Pacific)yNGMontaggioni, L. F. Gabrie, C. Naim, O. Payri, C. Richard, G. Salvat, B.e 1987Atoll Res. Bull. 229  1-18$Using Smart Source Parsing ppxLocated at 148 degree 15' West and 15 degree 50' South, in the northwesternmost part of the Tuamotu archipelago (Central Pacific), Makatea island is isolated from its nearest neighbouring atolls, Rangiroa and Tikehau by about 80 km, and it is 245 km from its closest volcanic neighbour, Tahiti. This island rises at least 3,500 m above the sea floor. Like all Tuamotu islands, Makatea consists of biogenic deposits. After presenting the geological history of the northwestern Tuamotu islands with special reference to Makatea as an atoll-like island, the present contribution describes the main morphological, sedimentological and ecological features of the seaward reef margin of this island.yFrench-Polynesia,-Makatea; ecology-; islands-; Miocene-; atolls-; reefs-; uplift-; carbonate-sediments; ISE,-Tuamotu,-Makatea-I.zsBacterial Biomass and Productivity in Sediments Stromatolites and Water of Hamelin Pool Shark Bay Western AustraliaMoriarty, D. J. W. 1983Geomicrobiology Journal.32121-134 Heterotrophic bacterial biomass and growth rates were examined in stromatolites formed from 4 different types of benthic cyanobacterial mats. Bacteria in algal mats were counted using direct microscopy and biomass was estimated from the numbers of bacteria. Heterotrophic bacterial growth rates were estimated from the rate of incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA. Pustular mat, which occurs in the upper intertidal zone, contained relatively few bacteria in the surface layers (0-5 mm), having about 0.2 .times. 106 mm-3 or 20 mgC m-2 per mm depth. Other mats in the lower intertidal and subtidal zones had from 1 .times. 106 cells mm-3 to 8 .times. 106 cells mm-3. Heterotrophic bacterial productivities were 2.1-5.0 mgC m-2 h-1. Turnover times were an average of 1 day in the sandy sediment and 5 days in the colloform mat. Although these results are minimum estimates, they indicate that heterotrophic bacteria contribute substantially to the carbon cycle in stromatolites, by utilizing about 20-30% of primary production.<6Using Smart Source Parsing pp ENGLISH 01490451 ArticleBACD198478002031jcMumby, P. J. Chisholm, J. R. M. Edwards, A. J. Clark, C. D. Roark, E. B. Andrefouet, S. Jaubert, J.u 2001d]Unprecedented bleaching-induced mortality in Porites spp. at Rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia Marine Biology183-189 0025-3162& 0001703424-0018See Contents-Page4.Agriculture-Biology-and-Environmental-SciencesSea surface temperatures; reef corals; event ; future ; zooxanthellae ; disturbance ; communities ; efficiency ; patterns ; ecologyIn April-May 1998, mass coral bleaching was observed in the lagoon of Rangiroa Atoll, Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Six months later, the extent of bleaching-induced coral mortality was assessed at three sites. Corals in the fast-growing genus Pocillopora had experienced >99% mortality. Many large colonies of the slow-growing genus Porites (mean horizontal cross-sectional area 5.8 m(2)) had also died-a phenomenon not previously observed in French Polynesia and virtually unprecedented world-wide. At one site, 25% of colonies, or 44% of the pre-bleaching cover of living Porites, experienced whole-colony mortality. At the two other sites, recently dead Porites accounted for 41% and 82% of the pre-bleaching live cover. Mortality in Porites was negatively correlated with depth between 1.5 and 5 m. Using a 50-year dataset of mean monthly sea surface temperature (SST), derived from ship- and satellite-borne instruments, we show that bleaching occurred during a period of exceptionally high summer SST. 1998 was the first year in which mean monthly SSTs exceeded the 1961-1990 upper 95% confidence limit (29.4 degreesC) for a period of three consecutive months. We suggest that the sustained 3-month anomaly in local summer SST was a major cause of coral mortality, but do not discount the synergistic effect of solar radiation. Recovery of the size-frequency distribution of Porites colonies to pre-bleaching levels may take at least 100 years.Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Marine Sci & Coastal Management, Ctr Trop Coastal Management Studies, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England; Observ Oceanol Europeen, Ctr Sci Monaco, MC 98000 Monaco, Monaco; Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; Univ Sheffield, Sheffield Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA; Univ Nice, Fac Sci, F 06108 Nice, Francec EC210r'Mumby, PJ; Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne; Dept Marine Sci & Coastal Management; Ridley Bldg; Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU; Tyne & Wear; England Mumby, PJ: p.j.mumby@ncl.ac.uk W(y | limestone- LIMITATIOND@limitation/nutrient budget/limiting factor/Canton/atoll/sedimentlimiting factorsliquid-chromatographyLiterature-reviewsLithification- lithology- Liver-living-resources Lobophora- LOBOPHYTUM LOCALIZATIONLong-term-changesd`Longshore sediment transport/ Reef flat/ Artificial channel/ Borrow pit/ Funafuti atoll/ Islands Lyngbya- M (Marine)HCMacroalgal blooms. Mortality. Islands. Patterns. Climate. Hawaiian. Macrophytes- Macroura- Magma-Magma-chambers Magnesium-magnetostratigraphy-makaluvic-acids Maldive-Is. MaldivesMan-induced-effectsD@Marennes-oleron bay. Crassostrea-gigas. Bivalve mollusks. LagoonMARGINAL ICE-ZONE/ ANTARCTIC PHYTOPLANKTON/ WEDDELL SEA/ MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON/ BLOOM DYNAMICS/ SCOTIA SEA/ TEMPERATURE/ GROWTH/ AMMONIUM/ NITROGENMARINE ENVIRONMENTSMarine natural-products/ Cytotoxic dimeric macrolide/ Absolute stereostructure/ Xestospongia sp/ Misakinolide-a/ Genus petrosia/ Swinhoei/ Acid/ Polyacetylenes/ MetabolitesPJMarine radioactivity/ Radionuclides/ Atoll/ Nuclear sites/ Nuclear weaponsMarine-Animalsmarine-aquaculture marine-birdsmarine-crustaceansMarine-Environment Marine-fish marine-floraMarine-geologymarine-invertebratesMarine-mammalsMarine-molluscsmarine-mollusksMarine-organisms Marine-parksMARINE-PHYTOPLANKTONpmMARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON/ NITROGEN-FIXATION/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS/ CAROTENOIDS/ IRRADIANCE/ OXYGEN/ GROWTH/ ALGAE/ REEFMarine-pollutionMarine-sciencesmarine-sediments MARINUSMarshall Islands/ Bikini/ Enewetak/ Nuclear Weapons Testing/ Cultural Impact/ Environmental Impact/ Radiological Impact/ Rehabilitation/ Relocation/ ISLAND RESIDENTSMarshall-I.,-Eniwetok Marshall-Is. Marshall-Is.,-Rongelap-Atoll Marshes-,(Mashall-I.,-Kwajalein-Atoll,-Roi-Namur-IMass transport MASS-TRANSFERmassachusetts-Mathematical-Modelsmats- MATTER MAXIMUM MED,-France$MED,-Spain,-Almeria,-Palomaresmediterranean-salternsMEDITERRANEAN-SEAMeiofauna/ Macrofauna/ Rocas atoll/ Community structure/ Sublittoral/ Front/ Brazil/ Great-barrier-reef/ Free-living nematodes/ Community structure/ Benthic communities/ Continental-shelf/ Lakshadweep/ Assemblages/ Meiobenthos/ Ecology/ Mexico mellum-islandMelomys-rubicolaMetabataeus-minutus metabolism-0+metabolism/ structure/ nutrients/ plankton/ metabolites- meteorological-observations methodology- METHYLOBACTERIUM-ORGANOPHILUM microatoll@ Holm1998v Holtermann1998Honthaas1995 Hope1997 Hope1998 Hori1997q Hossain1996 Huang1996 Hutchings1995 Hutchings1998 Hutchings2002 Hutchings2002Ichikawa1997 Ikagawa1997 Ikeuchi1999 Ingole1998 Irving1995 Iryu1993k Isobe1999 Ivanov1993 Jackson1998{ Jahnke19988 James1996 Jameson1998 Jameson1998 Jan1998J Jansen1997 Jaubert2001v Jayakumar1985, Jean-Baptiste1991 Jean-Baptiste1999 Jehl1995 Jehl19963 Jehl19971 Jenkyns1993Johannes1967Johannes1974zJohannes1975 Johnson1954 Jokela19866Q JokielT Jokiel1975U Jokiel19754 Jones1993 Jones1996 Jones1997 Jones2000 Jonquieres1999 Jonquieres20000Juillet-Leclerc1997 Kadiri-Jan1998A Kadiri-Jan1999 Kaigara1997 Kaladharan1989 Kaladharan1997 Kan1997 Kandan19971 Kanisch1999 Kannan1998uKawahata1997 Kawana1997 ke1999r ke2000rr Kelly1999q Kelly-Borges1996 Kench1998 Kench1998 Kench1998 Kerr1997 Kessing1999QKeyKimmerer1981Klasson-Wehler1998 Kohn1957Komiyama1999 Kraines1999Krasnick1971 Krausse1995 Kremer1992 Krider19977{ Krueger1998 Kruger19999Kulbicki1997Kulbicki1997Kulbicki1997 Kwong1999 Lagarde2000 Lagarde2000 Lam1974 Lanctot1997 Lang1997P Laporte20019 Larkum2001a Lawson19999 Lazar1999 Le Borgne1986 Le Borgne1989 Le Borgne1989 Le Borgne1997 Le Borgne2001 Le Bouteiller1997@ Le Campion19991B Le Campion2001_ Le Campion2001 Le Gall2000 Le-Bris1998Le-Camion-Alsumard1998 Le-Campion1995m Le-Campion1998mLe-Campion-Alsumard1995Le-Campion-Alsumard1998 Leathem19969 LeBlanc1999 Leclerc1999 Lecomte-Finiger1998_Ledesert1992e$ Lefevre1985Legendre1997Legendre19989Legendre1999:Legendre2000XLegendre20011Legendre2001Lehrmann1998 Leis1994 Leis1997 Leis1998997 Leis19987 Leis19987 Leis1998997 Leis1998997 Leis19981997 Leis1998998 Leis19987 Leis19987 Leis19981997 Leis1998 Leis19981997 Leis1998 Leis1998 Leis19987 Leis19981997 Leis1998 Leis1998997 Leis1998997 Leis1998997 Leis1998997 Leis1998997 Leis1998997 Leis1998997 Leis1998997 Leis1998997 Leis1998 Leis1998997 Leis19981997 Leis19987 Leis19987 Leis19987 Leis19987 Leis1998is1998GLepetit 1999 Sep 309Lepetit 1999 Sep 309Lepetit 1999 Sep 309Lepetit 1999 Sep 309PBS Record: 40. Murphy, R.C. Kremer, J.N.VPBenthic Community Metabolism and the Role of Deposit-Feeding Callianassid Shrimp Journal of Marine Research502c321-340e 0022-2402 f_(03) RC Murphy/Cousteau Soc/8440 Santa Monica Blvd/Los Angeles, CA 90069 (42) English ArticlegIn temperate and tropical seas, bioturbation resulting from the burrowing and feeding activities of deposit-feeding callianassid shrimp can have an important impact on the eco-system. In Gorda Sound, British Virgin Islands, 97-mu-mol NH4 . m-2 . d-1 and 0.2-mu-mol PO4 . m-2 . d-1 were released to the water column from burrows of callianassid shrimps (Callianassa rathbunae and Calliax jonesi). Benthic gross primary production was 288 mg C m-2 . d-1 and the ratio of gross production to total community 24-hr. respiration was 0.86. The flux of dissolved nutrients released from shrimp burrows could supply less than 5% of the need calculated for benthic primary production, while thc net flux from the total benthic community could support 21% of the estimated demand. Stable carbon isotope measurements indicated that these callianassid shrimp derive 100% of their nutritional requirements from benthic microflora. 591CORAL-REEF SEDIMENTS/ TROPICAL LAGOON/ BIKINI ATOLLS/ BIOTURBATION/ WATER/ CRUSTACEA/ THALASSINIDEA/ MEIOFAUNA/ PHOSPHATE/ ENEWETAK 1992PIMonsoon induced cobalt enrichment in Porites (coral) from the Arabian Sea"Naqvi, S. A. S. Nath, B. N.Indian-J.-Mar.-Sci..272u247-249  1998lfCobalt concentrations in growth bands of a reef building coral (Porites sp.) collected from Kalpeni Atoll of the Lakshadweep group of islands (Arabian Sea), revealed that cobalt concentrations and Co/Ca ratios exhibit similar trend. Study indicates that most of the cobalt is located in non-lattice phases. Positive relations were found among cobalt concentrations, Co/Ca ratios and rainfall in the monsoonal bands. Cobalt concentrations are in tune with the intensity of land run-off which is the main source of cobalt to surface seawater. Results suggest that cobalt could be a potential proxy for paleomonsoons.Coral-; Chemical-composition; Cobalt-; Heavy-metals; Runoff-; Monsoons-; Coral-reefs; Atolls-; Porites-; ISW,-Arabian-Sea; NEWCITE-ISW,-India,-Laccadive-Is.,-Kalpeni-I.VOBoron, calcium and magnesium in Kavaratti Lagoon water, Lakshadweep ArchipelagosF?Nasnolkar, C. M. Salkar, V. R. Shirodkar, P. V. Abidi, S. A. H.nIndian-J.-Mar.-Sci.)263327-330 1997@:Analysis of major elements in the water of Kavaratti Lagoon show variations in the concentrations of boron from 4.08 to 4.25 mg kg super(-1) (av. 4.15 mg kg super(-1)); calcium from 420.4 to 429.3 mg kg super(-1) (av. 424.79 mg kg super(-1)); magnesium from 1228.8 to 1319.8 mg kg super(-1) (av. 1280.19 mg kg super(-1)) and the salinity varied from 35.01 to 35.10 x 10 super(-3) (av. 35.04 x 10 super(-3)). The ratios of boron, calcium and magnesium to chlorinity in the lagoon water showed wide variation and were very much lower than that of the surface seawater outside the lagoon indicating their removal. In the lagoon, the calcium and magnesium removal was attributed to their involvement in the biological precipitation of carbonates whereas the removal of boron was attributed to its co-precipitation with carbonates.Chemical-precipitation; Boron-; Calcium-; Magnesium-; Salinity-; Chlorinity-; Coastal-lagoons; ISW,-India,-Laccadive-Is.,-Kavaratti-Atoll> VPPresent status of coral erosion in Lakshadweep with special reference to Minicoy Navas, K. A. Mathew, K. J. 1995PIMariculture Research Under The Postgraduate Programme In Mariculture Parte61 1-5LFUsing Smart Source Parsing 6 Rengarajan,-K.-eds. COCHIN-INDIA CMFRI pplfThe paper deals with the study to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the agents of destruction, and their possible role in the breakdown and erosion of calcareous materials in Minicoy. A coral reef survey was conducted in the Minicoy lagoon and the result of study shows that the coral reefs of Minicoy is charecterised by low species diversity and live coral cover except for a few monospecific species in the deeper zones. The study of ecological characteristics of the environment shows that the variation in temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the lagoon and reefs were within the limit of lethal levels. The sedimentation rate and the variations in velocity of currents were normal. The major faunal groups that caused erosion of calcareous substrate included fishes, echinoids, sponges, polychaetes, sipunculids, bivalves and cirripeds. Blasting of the reef flat and the lagoon shoals and dredging of the lagoon bottom, hand picking of live corals, removal of coral rocks and coral stingles for construction purposes were found to have detrimental effects on coral growth in Minicoy Atoll.F?coral-reefs; erosion-; ISW,-India,-Laccadive-Is.,-Minicoy-Atoll.'Netto, S.A. Attrill, M.J. Warwick, R.M. 1999~xSublittoral meiofauna and macrofauna of Rocas Atoll (NE Brazil): indirect evidence of a topographically controlled front$Marine Ecology-Progress Series 179175-186 0171-8630n 195PWYMeiofauna/ Macrofauna/ Rocas atoll/ Community structure/ Sublittoral/ Front/ Brazil/ Great-barrier-reef/ Free-living nematodes/ Community structure/ Benthic communities/ Continental-shelf/ Lakshadweep/ Assemblages/ Meiobenthos/ Ecology/ MexicoTopographically controlled fronts are small-scale phenomena caused by the interaction between currents and complex reef topography, resulting in zones of convergence and eddies where debris and organisms are accumulated. Rocas is the only atoll in the South Atlantic (3 degrees 51'S, 33 degrees 49'W) and it is constructed predominantly by coralline red algae, vermetid gastropods and encrusting foraminiferans. The structure of meiobenthic and macrobenthic communities, particularly nematodes and polychaetes, over the sublittoral carbonate deposits was examined during May 1996. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed a gradual change in the meiobenthic and macrobenthic community structure from the windward to the leeward side of Rocas Atoll, which was significantly correlated with the measured environmental variables. The characteristics of the carbonate deposits, ranging from coarse sands to medium well-sorted sand, and their enrichment process towards the leeward, as shown by the organic content, suggest a strong linkage with the hydrodynamic regime. Even though both components of the benthos are influenced by this hydrodynamic heterogeneity, the meiobenthic and macrobenthic fauna over the sublittoral area of Rocas Atoll are affected in different ways. Changes in the hydrodynamic regime promote a significant increase in diversity and density of the meiofauna, particularly nematodes, but the macrobenthos showed a more complex response, with a decreasing number of taxa and a variable abundance towards the leeward side. The results of this study suggest that the significant changes in the sediment characteristics and benthic community structure along the atoll may be a result of topographically controlled fronts. [References: 55](03) Netto SA/Plymouth Marine Lab/Prospect Pl,W Hoe/Plymouth PL1 3DH/Devon/England/ /Plymouth Marine Lab/Plymouth PL1 3DH/Devon/England/ /Univ Plymouth, Dept Biol Sci, Benth Ecol Res Grp/Plymouth PL4 8AA/Devon/England (19) INTER-RESEARCH, NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences.'Netto, S.A. Attrill, M.J. Warwick, R.M.n 1999The effect of a natural water-movement related disturbance on the structure of meiofauna and macrofauna communities in the intertidal sand flat of Rocas Atoll (NE, Brazil)Journal of Sea Research424291-302 1385-1101 265NUxrWater-movement disturbance/ Meiofauna/ Macrofauna/ Community structure/ Intertidal/ Rocas atoll/ Brazil/ Nematodesd^Rocas, the only atoll in the South Atlantic, is located 266 km off the northeast Brazilian coast. Spatial patterns in community structure of meiofauna, particularly nematodes, and macrofauna were examined along a transect through the sediment path from windward to leeward of the Rocas Atoll sand fat. Differences in benthic community structure between four zones of the sand flat were found to be significant and related to the major local processes of carbonate-grain transport and sedimentation. Both meiobenthic and macrobenthic assemblages were significantly more diverse and abundant within the sediment inflow zone (the initial part of the detrital path of Rocas sand flat) than in the other zones, where a clear impoverishment of benthic invertebrates occurred. This first study of the benthos of an inter-tidal sand flat over a reef island in the Atlantic showed that the meiofauna is numerically dominated by the nematodes Metoncholainus sp. 1 (Oncholaimidae) and Epsilonema sp. 1 (Epsilonematidade), whilst the macrofauna is largely dominated by oligochaetes and large Oncholaimidae nematodes. Analysis of the species composition, trophic structure and abundance of both the meiobenthos and the macrobenthos revealed an impoverished community subjected to an intense water-movement disturbance. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 33](03) Netto SA/Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CCB/Campus Trinidade/BR-88040900 Florianopolis/SC/Brazil/ /Univ Fed Santa Catarina, CCB/BR-88040900 Florianopolis/SC/Brazil/ /Univ Plymouth, Dept Biol Sci/Plymouth PL4 8AA/Devon/England/ /Univ Plymouth, Dept Biol Sci, Benth Ecol Res Grp, Drake Circus/Plymouth PL4 8AA/Devon/England/ /Plymouth Marine Lab, Ctr Coastal & Marine Sci/Plymouth PL1 3DH/Devon/England (19) ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS (42) Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences/Article/English/Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciencesn:4Niquil, N. Jackson, G. A. Legendre, L. Delesalle, B. 1998\VInverse model analysis of the planktonic food web of Takapoto Atoll (French Polynesia)$Marine-Ecology-Progress-Series 1652 17-29lFood-webs; Atolls-; Coral-reefs; Phytoplankton-; Carbon-; Zooplankton-; Detritus-; Respiration-; Excretion-; Ingestion-; ISE,-Pacific,-French-Polynesia,-Tuamoto-Is.,-Takapoto-Atoll~wA steady-state model of the planktonic food web of the lagoon of Takapoto Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) was developed to assess the characteristics of that ecosystem. The planktonic food web was divided into 7 compartments, whose carbon biomasses and rates of exchange were determined from field data combined with inverse analysis, the latter being used to estimate missing rates. Results indicate that the system was characterized by high phytoplankton production and, in agreement with previous results, low bacterial production. Due to their high metabolism, metazoan zooplankton played a dominant role in the cycling of carbon. In contrast, the contribution of protozoa was small. The non-living particulate organic carbon compartment also played a key role, qualitatively and quantitatively, because detritus was directly consumed by all heterotrophic compartments.e Incl. bibliogr.: 63 refs.l EC13`]bl;XPdx&)ݥMx3J%+&ɳ%&2:Ά\^;ByƝ3=s 4-Ԗz=R( BĹӾtp*iYG^M<(Kkaq\BL G /8`dOyk,pѓU6ϱCV;Vt Niquil, N. 1999b[Characterization of the planktonic food web of Takapoto Atoll lagoon using network analysis Oecologia 118o232-2411@:Plankton Food web Network analysis Ascendency Atoll lagoon EC52~Niquil, Nathalie Pouvreau, Stephane Sakka, Asma Legendre, Louis Addessi, Loana Le Borgne, Robert Charpy, Loic Delesalle, Bruno 2001f_Trophic web and carrying capacity in a pearl oyster farming lagoon (Takapoto, French Polynesia)Aquatic Living Resources143165-174 2001/0Data concerning the planktonic food web and the farmed pearl oysters of the lagoon of Takapoto Atoll were assembled into a steady state model of carbon flows. A method of optimisation, using constraints from the literature, called 'inverse analysis' was chosen as the numerical tool for estimating the missing flow values. The resulting food web is characterised by: 1) high primary production, achieved by low phytoplankton biomass, 2) high production of non-living matter, especially as dissolved organic carbon, 3) low bacterial production, 4) zooplankton dominated by protozoa (biomass and processes) and mesozooplankton (processes), and 5) very low consumption of plankton by farmed bivalves compared to planktonic fluxes. When considering the whole lagoon, the farmed oysters (Pinctada margaritifera) and associated bivalves (Pinctada maculata) consume 0.24% of the planktonic gross primary production. In addition, the consumption by natural populations of the main benthic bivalves in this lagoon (Chama iostoma, Arca ventricosa, Pinctada margaritifera and Pinctada maculata) is also low compared to the high planktonic primary production (4.1%). The oyster farming in this lagoon is thus very far from being food-limited.rkTY - JOUR, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VRH-43CBGWC-4/1/470f1e9a0ae0271595702fce87c9e6c4i EC221sf`Norton, J. H. Lucas, J. S. Turner, I. Mayer, R. J. Newnham, R. nortonj@prose, dpi, qld, gov, au, 2000Approaches to improve cultured pearl formation in Pinctada margaritifera through use of relaxation, antiseptic application and incision closure during bead insertions AquacultureI 184i 1-2n 1-17 Three treatments were tested on blacklip pearl oysters, Pinctada margaritifera, during the bead insertion process as part of research to improve the efficiency of round pearl culture. The oysters (100 to 150 mm shell height) were maintained on a commercial farm at Manihiki atoll, Cook Islands. The three treatments were: (1) immersion of the oysters in 2 ml/l propylene phenoxetol for 15 min to relax them before operating; (2) disinfection of the operation site with an antiseptic (1:50 aqueous dilution of 10% povidone iodine solution); and (3) closure of the surgical incision with a flexible cyanoacrylate adhesive. The three treatments were applied or not applied to oysters in a 3-factor arrangement to give eight treatment combinations. The treatment combinations were applied to two groups of oysters: Group I, consisting of 96 oysters (12 sets X 8 treatment combinations), and Group IJ, consisting of 768 oysters (12 sets X 8 treatment combinations X 8 oysters per set). After 6 weeks, all oysters were inspected for mortality and bead rejection, and Group I oysters were sacrificed. Group I oysters were necropsied and checked for the presence of pearl sacs. After 18 months, the pearls from Group II oysters were harvested and graded for quality; scoring for lustre, surface perfection, main colour, tint, shape, diameter, Length and weight. Inserted beads ranged from 6.3-7.8 mm diameter and their size was not correlated significantly with shell size. Relaxant use was associated with significantly higher mortality in both Groups of oysters and total failures (deaths + bead rejections) in Group II oysters compared with controls. Relaxant use was also associated with pearls of significantly lighter weight, i.e., with lower nacre secretion, further suggesting that there was an adverse effect from this treatment. Adhesive use was associated with more deaths (significant in Group II) and with more bead rejections (significant in Group I). Adhesive use, however, had a positive effect on pearl quality through improved shape. Seventy-six of the 78 Group I oysters that retained beads for 6 weeks had formed pearl sacs, but 55 of the beads (71%) already had imperfections in the form of projecting calcified 'tails' from the bead. Histological examination showed that the 'tails' enclosed accumulations of inflammatory cells in the incision pathway. Adhesive use significantly reduced the prevalence of beads with 'tails', apparently by better closing the incision pathway. The reduction in 'tails' at 6 weeks was reflected in a significant reduction in the mean length/diameter ratio of pearls at harvest, i.e., a higher level of symmetry. This was the only significant, positive effect of the three treatments on pearl quality parameters. Antiseptic application to the operation site had no significant effect on mortality, bead rejection rate or 'tail' formation. However, antiseptic was the only treatment that resulted in a lower percentage of total failures compared to controls. Inflammatory cells, arising from suspected bacterial infections, were associated with failures to produce a pearl sac and the 'tails' imperfection. Better hygiene with beads, instruments. cloths, cutting boards and graft tissue should control infection levels. The additional times taken to apply the three treatments of this study were not excessive and encourage further innovative approaches to the bead insertion process. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 21]lfEnglish Reprint available from: Norton JH Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Oonoonba Vet Lab POB 1085 Townsville Qld 4810 Australia Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Oonoonba Vet Lab Townsville Qld 4810 Australia James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine Biol & Aquaculture Townsville Qld 4811 Australia Govt Cook Islands, Minist Marine Resources Rarotonga Cook Islands EC58 n n`YConcentrations of radionuclides in fish collected from Bikini Atoll between 1977 and 1984LHBNoshkin, V. E. Wong, K. M. Eagle, R. J. Jokela, T. A. Brunk, J. A. 198662Using Smart Source Parsing pp NTIS Order No.: DE87011905/GAR. Contract W-7405-ENG-48. Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is exhausted. LEThis report summarizes all available data on the concentrations of radionuclides in fish from Bikini Atoll between 1977 and 1984. As found in other global studies, sup 137 Cs is most highly accumulated in edible flesh of all species of fish, the lowest fractions are found in the bone or liver. The mean concentration of sup 137 Cs in muscle of reef fish from the southern part of the atoll is comparable to the global fallout concentration measured in market samples of fish collected from Chicago, Illinois, in 1982. sup 90 Sr is generally associated with non-edible parts of fish, such as bone or viscera. Twenty-five to fifty percent of the total body burden of sup 60 Co is accumulated in the muscle tissue; the remainder is distributed among the liver, skin, and viscera. The mean concentration of sup 60 Co in fish has been decreasing at a rate faster than radiological decay alone. Most striking is the range of sup 207 Bi concentrations among different species of fish collected at the same time and place. Highest concentrations of sup 207 Bi were consistently detected in the muscle (and other tissues) of goatfish and some of the pelagic lagoon fish. In other reef fish, such as mullet, surgeonfish, and parrotfish, sup 207 Bi was usually below detection limits by gamma spectrometry. Over 70% of the whole-body activity of sup 207 Bi in goatfish is associated with the muscle tissue, whereas less than 5% is found in the muscle of mullet and surgeonfish. Neither sup 239 + 240 Pu nor sup 241 Am is significantly accumulated in the muscle tissue of any species of fish. Apparently, sup 238 Pu is in a more readily available form for accumulation by fishes than sup 239 + 240 Pu. Based on a daily ingestion rate of 200 q of fish flesh, dose rates to individuals through the fish-food ingestion pathway are well below current Federal guidelines (DBO).Pollution-effects; Bioaccumulation-; Radioactive-contamination; Coral-reefs; Caesium-isotopes; Marine-fish; Teleostei-; ISEW,-Marshall-I.,-Bikini\UPast and present levels of some radionuclides in fish from Bikini and Enewetak atollsuVPNoshkin, V. E. Robison, W. L. Wong, K. M. Brunk, J. L. Eagle, R. J. Jones, H. E. Health-Phys.731 49-65e 1997^WBikini and Enewetak were the sites in the Northern Marshall Islands that were used by the United States as testing grounds for nuclear devices between 1946 and 1958. The testing produced close-in fallout debris that was contaminated with different radionuclides and which entered the aquatic environment. The contaminated lagoon sediments became a reservoir and source term of manmade radionuclides for the resident marine organisms. This report contains a summary of all the available data on the concentrations of super(137)Cs, super(60)Co and super(207)Bi in flesh samples of reef and pelagic fish collected from Bikini and Enewetak atolls between 1964 and 1995. The selection of these three radionuclides for discussion is based on the fact that these are the only radionuclides that have been routinely detected by gamma spectrometry in flesh samples from all fish for the last 20 y. Flesh from fish is an important source of food in the Marshallese diet. These radionuclides along with the transuranic radionuclides and super(90)Sr contribute most of the small radiological dose from ingesting marine foods. Some basic relationships among concentrations in different tissues and organs are discussed. The reef fish can be used as indicator species because their body burden is derived from feeding, over a lifetime, within a relatively small contaminated area of the lagoon. Therefore, the emphasis of this report is to use this extensive and unique concentration data base to describe the effective half lives and cycling for the radionuclides in the marine environments during the 31-y period between 1964 and 1995.aRadioisotopes-; Marshall-Is.; Pisces-; Marine-organisms; Cesium-; Cobalt-; Bismuth-; Historical-account; Radioactive-fallout; nuclear-weapons; Military-operations; Public-health; Radioactive-contamination; Fallout-; Nuclear-explosions; Bioaccumulation-; Caesium-; Marshall-Is.; atomic-bombs; radioactive-pollution; Pisces-; ISEW,-Pacific,-Marshall-Is.,-Bikini-Atoll; ISEW,-Pacific,-Marshall-Is.,-Enewetak-Atoll^WBreeding Cycle and Nestling Growth of Bulwer's Petrel on the Desertas Islands, PortugaltNunes, M. Vicente, L.eColonial-Waterbirdsa212 198-204  1998The Bulwer's Petrel (Bulweria bulwerii) colony on Deserta Grande, Madeira Archipelago, is one of the largest in the Atlantic Ocean. It was studied over six months in 1994 and 1995. Breeding occurs from mid April to early October, as in other colonies in the Atlantic (Azores and Canary islands) and Pacific Ocean (Manana Island and Johnston Atoll). At Desertas, the breeding chronology is characterized by synchrony both within and between pairs. Synchrony within a pair affected breeding success, mainly during the laying period and incubation; pairs with both mates present on the laying night and with well-defined incubation shifts had higher hatching success. Parental performance in relation to nest choice and preparation also influenced hatching success. Breeding success of 74% was similar to that found in Pacific colonies. Both sexes left the colony on a pre-laying exodus averaging 28 days. The exodus and the long, well-defined shift system suggest a scarcity of food near Desertas. Data from other colonies are needed for comparison. Nestling growth was typical of Procellariiformes. The bill and tarsus were more developed than the wings at hatching and achieved maximum dimensions within 73% and 84% of the nestling period, while the wings continued to develop until fledging. Body mass achieved 181% of the adult weight, similar to values found on the Pacific Ocean and comparable to values for some Hydrobatidae. Fledging weight was lower on Desertas than on Manana Island.cNesting-; Reproductive-cycle; Marine-birds; Reproduction-; Life-cycle; Breeding-success; Growth-; Synchronization-; Parental-behavior; Brood-rearing; Portugal-; Bulweria-bulwerii; ANE,-Portugal,-Desertas-Is.iPBS Record: 7530a Odum, H.T.^WTrophic structure and productivity of a windward coral reef community on Eniwetok atollEcological Monographs 1955253 1415-14441 13102+metabolism/ structure/ nutrients/ plankton//X Strontium isotope stratigraphy of Kita-daito-jima Atoll, North Philippine Sea: Implications for Neogene sea-level change and tectonic historyOhde, S. Elderfield, H.HEarth-Planet.-Sci.-Lett. 1134473-486 1992rkA detailed chro